Amd k6 233: AMD-K6-233ANR — AMD — WikiChip

3 февраля, 2023

AMD-K6-233ANR — AMD — WikiChip

AMD-K6-233ANR was a 32-bit x86 microprocessor designed by AMD and introduced in early 1997. This chip, which was based on AMD’s new K6 microarchitecture, operated at 233 MHz and dissipated a maximum of 28.3 W.

Contents

  • 1 Cache
  • 2 Graphics
  • 3 Features
  • 4 Documents
    • 4.1 DataSheet
Main article: K6 § Cache

L2$ can be 256 KiB to 1 MiB, depending on manufacturer and motherboard model. L2$ is off-chip.

Cache Info [Edit Values]
L1I$ 32 KiB

0.0313 MiB
32,768 B
3.051758e-5 GiB

1×32 KiB 2-way set associative
L1D$ 32 KiB

0.0313 MiB
32,768 B
3.051758e-5 GiB

1×32 KiB 2-way set associative

Graphics[edit]

This SoC has no integrated graphics processing unit.

Features[edit]

[Edit/Modify Supported Features]

Supported x86 Extensions & Processor Features
MMX MMX Extension
  • Auto-power down state
  • Stop clock state

Documents[edit]

DataSheet[edit]

  • AMD-K6 MMX Enhanced Processor Multimedia Technology; Publication #20695 Revision E/0; June 1997

Facts about «AMD-K6-233ANR — AMD»

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base frequency 233.33 MHz (0.233 GHz, 233,330 kHz) +
bus rate 66.66 MT/s (0.0667 GT/s, 66,660 kT/s) +
bus speed 66.66 MHz (0.0667 GHz, 66,660 kHz) +
bus type FSB +
clock multiplier 3.5 +
core count 1 +
core family 5 +
core model 6 +
core name 6k86 +
core voltage 2. 9 V (29 dV, 290 cV, 2,900 mV) +
core voltage tolerance 5% +
cpuid 560 +
designer AMD +
die area 162 mm² (0.251 in², 1.62 cm², 162,000,000 µm²) +
family K6 +
first announced May 1997 +
first launched May 1997 +
full page name amd/k6/amd-k6-233anr +
has locked clock multiplier false +
instance of microprocessor +
io voltage 3.3 V (33 dV, 330 cV, 3,300 mV) +
io voltage tolerance 5% +
l1d$ description 2-way set associative +
l1d$ size 0.0313 MiB (32 KiB, 32,768 B, 3.051758e-5 GiB) +
l1i$ description 2-way set associative +
l1i$ size 0.0313 MiB (32 KiB, 32,768 B, 3.051758e-5 GiB) +
ldate May 1997 +
main image +
main image caption 233ANR, Week 46, 1997 +
manufacturer AMD +
market segment Desktop +
max case temperature 343. 15 K (70 °C, 158 °F, 617.67 °R) +
max cpu count 1 +
max memory 4,096 MiB (4,194,304 KiB, 4,294,967,296 B, 4 GiB, 0.00391 TiB) +
max storage temperature 423.15 K (150 °C, 302 °F, 761.67 °R) +
microarchitecture K6 +
min case temperature 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F, 491.67 °R) +
min storage temperature 208.15 K (-65 °C, -85 °F, 374.67 °R) +
model number AMD-K6-233ANR +
name AMD-K6-233ANR +
part number AMD-K6-233ANR +
power dissipation 28.3 W (28,300 mW, 0.038 hp, 0.0283 kW) +
process 350 nm (0.35 μm, 3.5e-4 mm) +
series Desktop K6 +
smp max ways 1 +
technology CMOS +
thread count 1 +
transistor count 8,800,000 +
word size 32 bit (4 octets, 8 nibbles) +

AMD Mobile K6 233 MHz


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Type:CPU Manufacturer:AMD
family:Mobile K6 microprocessors:AMD Mobile K6 233 MHz — AMD-K6/233ADZ

Type CPU / Microprocessor
Market segment Mobile
Family
AMD K6
CPU part number

  • AMD-K6/233ADZ is an OEM/tray microprocessor
Frequency    233 MHz
Package 321-pin ceramic staggered PGA
1.95″ x 1.95″ (4.95 cm x 4.95 cm)
AMD Package numbers 25898, 26031
Socket Socket 7
Architecture / Microarchitecture
Microarchitecture K6
CPUID 570
Manufacturing process 0. 25 micron
Data width 32 bit
Floating Point Unit Integrated
Level 1 cache size    32 KB code with pre-decode cache
32 KB writeback data
Features MMX instructions
Low power features

  • Halt state
  • Stop Grant state   
  • Stop Grant Inquire state
  • Stop Clock state
Electrical / Thermal parameters
V core    2.1V
Min/Recommended/Max V I/O or secondary 3.135V / 3.3V / 3.6V




AMD Mobile K6 233 MHz — AMD-K6/233ADZmicroprocessors pictures


other microprocessors











AMD Mobile K6 233 MHz — AMD-K6/233BCZ
AMD Mobile K6 266 MHz — AMD-K6/266ACZ

AMD Mobile K6 266 MHz — AMD-K6/266ADZ
AMD Mobile K6 266 MHz — AMD-K6/266BCZ

AMD Mobile K6 300 MHz — AMD-K6/300ADZ
AMD Mobile K6 300 MHz — AMD-K6/300BDZ

AMD Mobile K6-2 266 MHz — AMD-K6-2/266ANZ
AMD Mobile K6-2 266 MHz — AMD-K6-2/266BNZ

AMD Mobile K6-2 300 MHz — AMD-K6-2/300ANZ
AMD Mobile K6-2 300 MHz — AMD-K6-2/300ANZ-66

AMD Mobile K6-2 300 MHz — AMD-K6-2/300BNZ
AMD Mobile K6-2 333 MHz — AMD-K6-2/333ANZ

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Retroclocking: overclocking AMD K6

Table of contents

  • Introduction
  • A bit of history
  • Test stand
  • Test results
    • Super Pi mod. 1.5XS (task 1M)
    • PiFast v.4.1
    • wPrime v.1.43
    • HWBOT Prime v.0.8.3
    • 3DMark 2000 Pro v.1.1
    • 3DMark 2001 SE Pro b330
    • AIDA64 5.50.3600
  • Extreme overclocking of the fastest AMD K6
  • Compare results
    • Super Pi mod. 1.5XS (task 1M)
    • PiFast v.4.1
    • wPrime v.1.43
    • AIDA64 5.50.3600
    • 3DMark 2000 Pro v.1.1
    • 3DMark 2001 SE Pro b330
    • Quake III Arena v.1.32
  • Conclusion

Introduction

We continue the series of articles on retroclocking. Looking ahead, I will say that the topic of Socket 7 cannot let me go, too many different interesting processors for this socket have been released. Representatives of Intel Pentium MMX have already visited the laboratory, the time has come for their competitors.

This time we’re talking about the AMD K6 family of CPUs. I had enough processors marked AMD, and I decided to take the entire line — from the very first AMD K6 without an index to AMD K6-III, in order to compare them under the same conditions. And as a bonus, you will find extreme overclocking of the fastest AMD K6-III using a phase transition system (“freons”).

Before continuing, let’s recall my materials on Intel Pentium MMX:

  • Retroclocking: studying the overclocking potential of seven Pentium MMX processors;
  • Retroclocking: overclocking Pentium MMX on Tillamook (Socket 7) core.

recommendations

A bit of history

AMD K6 family processors can be called successful in every sense, which cannot be said about their predecessors, AMD fifth generation CPUs. But AMD’s K6 success came thanks to the company’s failure with the K5 family.

In search of a fix for a deplorable situation, AMD buys NexGen (for $600 million), which made fifth-generation processors with x86 instructions executed by an internal RISC core. NexGen had enough developments, but a separate platform and incomplete compatibility of their solutions, both software and hardware, with the generally accepted standard of those times in the form of Socket 5, put the entire business at risk, which AMD took advantage of.

The result of this transaction was not long in coming, and the first result of the combined efforts of AMD and NexGen was the AMD K6 processor, which took the best practices of NexGen engineers.


So, the first AMD K6 (Model 6) processor with a frequency of 166 MHz was announced on April 2, 1997. AMD abandoned the PR-rating used in previous solutions of the K5 generation, now AMD K6 CPUs were marked with a real frequency, and Intel Pentium II with a similar frequency was positioned as a competitor.

AMD K6 (Model 6) processors were produced according to the 350 nm process technology, contained 8.8 million transistors, supported MMX instructions and, unlike the competitor, included a large L1 cache: 32 KB for data and 32 KB for instructions. Pentium II (as well as Pentium MMX) was content with only half of this amount: 16 KB for data and 16 KB for instructions. The weak point of the AMD K6 was the FPU, but despite this, the processor was available to the general public due to its affordable price. The AMD K6 (Model 6) lineup consisted of a line of models with a frequency of 166 to 233 MHz. The older model with 233 MHz cost $170 less than the Pentium II with the same frequency. The beginning of the success of AMD K6 processors was laid.

A year later, on April 7, 1998, AMD decides to make (as it is now fashionable to call it) a «Refresh» of the K6 (Model 6) line, transferring it to a thinner process technology — 250 nm. The updated line of AMD K6 processors was called «Little Foot» (Model 7). In fact, we still have the same K6 (Model 6) processor, but manufactured using a more subtle technical process, due to which the CPU operating voltage has decreased, the die area has decreased by more than half, and, most importantly, clock frequencies have grown. The top «Little Foot» (Model 7) is a 300 MHz CPU. Its cost was set at $246. Around the same time (April 15, 1998) was already available Pentium II with a frequency of 350 MHz and FSB 100 MHz, but its cost was two and a half times higher and amounted to $621.


The AMD K6-2 subfamily became the next round of progress in the AMD K6 processor family. The new processors were designed to compete with the most advanced Pentium II on the «Deschutes» core, which acquired a FSB of 100 MHz and frequencies up to 450 MHz. The announcement of AMD K6-2 processors on the «Chomper» core took place on May 28, 1998. The lineup consisted of CPUs with a frequency of 233 to 350 MHz. The number of transistors has grown slightly — from 8. 8 million to 9.3 million, but support for 100 MHz FSB appeared, the manufacturing process did not change, but new instructions were added, called 3DNow!, whose task was to accelerate 3D graphics.

And it should be noted that the new instructions were positively received by the gaming industry, every second game manufacturer declared support for their games with these instructions. Even Microsoft, with the release of API DirectX 6.0, brought support for new AMD instructions, video card driver manufacturers also started optimizing their software for them. In practice, of course, it was not so smooth, somewhere the support was half-fulfilled, but on the whole everything turned out well.

In November 1998, the line was updated, the new K6-2 processors received an improved core — Chomper Extended (CXT). The improvement, it should be noted, was small, the CPU learned to work with RAM a little faster thanks to the Write-Combining technology, but otherwise we had the same CPU with the same technical process and similar characteristics. The new core gave rise to new models, the frequency range of which has grown up to 550 MHz. Often the assembly of a system unit based on AMD K6-2 was twice as economical as on a competing Intel platform. The existence of K6-2 can be called the «golden age» for AMD.


In the comparison that we will make below, the AMD K6-2 model participates, but with an additional «+» (plus index) — K6-2+. Although on paper this is the second generation of K6, albeit with a plus, but in terms of characteristics, this CPU is very different from its “no plus” counterparts. If you do not take into account that AMD, one might say, was late with the release of this CPU to the market, the processor turned out to be just as good as its predecessor.

It was produced using an even thinner 180 nm process technology, supported by energy-saving PowerNow! (similar to Intel SpeedStep), thanks to which it became possible to change the multiplier on the fly. But most importantly, 128 KB of second-level cache was added, running at the frequency of the CPU core, which was located on the processor chip. Prior to AMD K6-2+, no AMD K6 had its own L2 cache. Thanks to the cache located on the motherboard, which was represented in the system as L3, a good performance boost could be obtained. AMD K6-2+ clock speeds started at 450 MHz and ended at 570 MHz.

Everything would be fine, but the CPU data was intended by the company exclusively for the mobile sector of the market (in other words, AMD K6-2+ was used mainly in laptops). Despite this, the processor was physically compatible with Socket 7 and most modern motherboards of that time worked without any problems, it was only necessary to update the BIOS firmware.


In February 1999, the third version saw the light — AMD K6-III, codenamed «Sharptooth». The processor was manufactured according to the 250 nm process technology, consisted of 21.4 million transistors, supported 100 MHz FSB, and was essentially the same K6-2 on the Chomper Extended (CXT) core, with support for packet memory technology, but with twice as much as AMD K6-2+, L2 cache. The volume of L2 in AMD K6-III was 256 KB, it worked at the frequency of the CPU core. The frequencies of new products started at 333 MHz and ended at 450 MHz.

On April 18, 2000, plus brothers AMD K6-III were born. Their purpose was similar to K6-2+, the process of their production is similar — 180 nm, in fact it was K6-2+, but with an L2 cache increased to 256 KB.

The evolution of the K6 family of processors is perfectly demonstrated by AMD’s archive slide.