What is a CPU socket for an industrial computer?
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By Darek Fanton·Categories: Tech Explained·Published On: November 10th, 2021·4.7 min read·
We are often asked – what is a CPU socket and is it different on an industrial computer? A CPU socket for an industrial computer is the physical connection between a computer processor and an industrial grade motherboard. A CPU socket uses hundreds, or even thousands of metal pins as contact points to allow power and data to be passed between the CPU and the motherboard.
The pins can be located either on the socket – in the case of LGA or Land Grid Array sockets, or on the CPU – known as Pin Grid Array, or PGA sockets. Some motherboards utilize Ball Grid Array, or BGA, connections which solder the processor directly to the motherboard, meaning they can’t be upgraded or replaced. Though less common, PGA sockets can still be found on some hardware, and BGA sockets were once quite popular for creating industrial hardware. That said, the vast majority of modern removable, or “socketed”, processors use LGA sockets.
The differences between processor sockets
When creating or considering an industrial PC, it’s important to understand the differences between processor sockets. Not every available CPU will fit in every socket. And even if a given CPU does match up with a motherboard socket, it must also be compatible with the built-in chipset on the board (more on that in a moment).
The two primary processor manufacturers, AMD® and Intel®, each have their own processor socket designs. Those sockets offer differing compatibility for chipsets and target different markets depending on user needs. Market classifications can be broadly defined as mainstream computing, high-end desktop (HEDT) and server grade. Regardless of the target market, any of these CPU sockets can be used in an industrial computer. The choice of socket for industrial devices comes down to the same decision point as consumer systems: what the system will be used for.
What is a computer chipset?
A computer chipset (also referred to as the Platform Controller Hub) helps to manage the flow of information between the motherboard and processor. The chipset enables the processor to focus on computing while the chipset handles all the nitty gritty tasks needed for the computer to run properly. If the CPU socket provides the various roads that data travels on, the chipset runs the traffic lights to tell data where to go.
The chipset is a vital compatibility check for the components connected to a computer. If your memory, storage graphics card, or most relevantly your CPU, can’t communicate with the chipset, they won’t work on your system. As such, even if a CPU is compatible with a given socket, it must also be compatible with your motherboard’s chipset.
Intel and AMD CPU socket for Industrial Computing
Both Intel and AMD utilize a range of different processor sockets to support their various CPU releases. Oftentimes the decision of the type of processor, socket and chipset combination to use comes down to the intended use of the processor, and the systems that will be designed around it.
Here is a breakdown of many of the industrial CPU sockets from both Intel and AMD that are either currently available, will be available soon, or have been rumored to be on their way. We’ve also included the associated CPU generation, chipset compatibility and target market for each.
Manufacturer | Socket | CPU Compatibility | Chipset Compatibility | Target Market |
Intel | LGA 1151 | 9th Gen Core/8th Gen Core | Z390/Z370/Q370/h470/ B365/B360/h410 |
Mainstream |
Intel | LGA 1200 | 11th Gen Core/10th Gen Core | Z490/h570/B460/h510 | Mainstream |
Intel | LGA 1700 | 12th Gen Core | TBD | Mainstream |
Intel | LGA 2066 | 10th Gen Core | X299 | HEDT |
Intel | LGA 3647 | 1st Gen Xeon SP/2nd Gen Xeon SP | C620 series | Server |
Intel | LGA 4189 | 3rd Gen Xeon SP | C620 series | Server |
AMD | sTRX4 | Ryzen Threadripper 3000 | TRX40 | HEDT |
AMD | TR4 | Ryzen Threadripper 2000/1000 | X399 | HEDT |
AMD | AM4 | Ryzen 5000/3000/2000/1000 | X570/X470/X370/B550/ B450/B350/A320/X300/A300 |
Mainstream |
AMD | SP3 | EPYC 7001/7002/7003 | N/A – System on Chip Socket | Server |
What are the newest CPU sockets for industrial computers?
As you can see from the10th and 11th generation Core pro chart above, Intel is using their LGA 1200 socket for their current processors. This socket was released in 2020 for the launch of Intel’s 10th Gen, Comet Lake-S chips.
For the upcoming 12th Generation Alder Lake processors, Intel will pivot to their new LGA 1700 socket. The socket has 500 more pins than its LGA 1200 predecessor, which it is intended to replace. Those additional pins allow the LGA 1700 socket to provide improved power delivery, additional pcie lanes and an increase in DMI bandwidth between the CPU and chipset. The LGA 1700 represents a major design change for Intel sockets, the first major change since the LGA 775 release in 2004.
As for AMD, their AM4 and SP3 sockets have accommodated their Ryzen and EPYClines, respectively, since their release in 2017. It’s worth noting that AMD’s EPYC CPUs are System on Chip (SoC) processors that don’t require a separate chipset (hence the N/A in the chart). On the Ryzen side, in a video celebrating the fifth anniversary of the Ryzen line, the company alluded to a new AMD processor socket that is on its way to support their upcoming Ryzen 6000 Series processors.
Which CPU Socket is best for your Industrial Computer Application?
As we mentioned, your choice of socket will depend on a number of factors. If you’re working on an industrial project and have questions about which CPU is right for you, our team of Solution Specialists can help. Connect with them today to talk about what you have planned.
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About the Author: Darek Fanton
Darek is the Communications Manager at OnLogic. His passion for both journalism and technology has led him from the newsrooms of local papers to the manufacturing floor of IBM. His background in news gathering has him always on the lookout for the latest in emerging tech and the best ways to share that information with readers. In addition to his affinity for words, Darek is a music lover, juggler and huge fan of terrible jokes.
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Types of CPU Sockets | Small Business
By Steve Lander
Upgrading CPUs in office computers makes a great deal of sense given that while CPU technology has advanced greatly, other components live longer lives before they become obsolete. Upgrading poses a challenge because microprocessors come in many different sizes and case configurations, requiring different sockets. If your computer’s motherboard socket cannot accept a new CPU’s form factor, you cannot use it.
ZIF Sockets
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Most processors today use special sockets that are designed to let you put the chip in while using «zero insertion force.» Instead of having tight-fitting connectors like on a memory chip socket or a slot for a PCI card, these sockets let you practically drop the CPU chip right in. Once it is in place, you rotate a lever that locks the CPU in place. To remove the chip, you just rotate the lever the other way and lift it right out.
Ball or Pin
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CPU sockets come in two major types — ball-grid array and pin-grid array. PGA sockets look like a checkerboard with lots of squares. They are designed to hold a CPU chip with an array of pins sticking out of its bottom. BGA and land-grid array sockets, which are usually used in notebook computers and testing applications, are designed to accept CPU chips that do not have pins. BGA sockets frequently require the CPU to be soldered in place.
Pin Numbers and Arrangements
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Sockets differ in the number of CPU pins that they can hold. Modern CPU chips transfer 32 or 64 bits of data billions of times per second to the computer’s memory, graphics system, storage and other systems, requiring hundreds or thousands of physical connections to support the transfers. As such, if you have an 1155-pin processor, you need an 1155-pin socket. In most cases, you cannot plug a CPU chip with fewer pins into a socket with more pins since the pins that the CPU does have will not line up with either the physical socket or with its internal wiring.
Intel and AMD Sockets
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The two major CPU chip makers — Intel and Advanced Micro Devices — use different and incompatible sockets. Intel sockets are typically named for the number of pins that they have, so a computer with a Socket 2011 CPU connection holds a 2011-pin CPU. AMD sockets are typically sequentially numbered, with AM- and FM-family sockets both available. Server CPUs and mobile CPUs from both manufacturers also frequently use different sockets from desktop processors.
References
- Hardware Secrets: A Complete List of CPU Sockets
- Preci-Dip: PGA/BGA/PLCC Sockets
Writer Bio
Steve Lander has been a writer since 1996, with experience in the fields of financial services, real estate and technology. His work has appeared in trade publications such as the «Minnesota Real Estate Journal» and «Minnesota Multi-Housing Association Advocate.» Lander holds a Bachelor of Arts in political science from Columbia University.
Prices for the acceptance, purchase, disposal of electronic scrap in Moscow.
1000 ₽/kg
1000 ₽/kg
Boards for smartphones
Blockage: display, metal parts, case, batteries.
1200 ₽/kg
1200 ₽/kg
Push-button telephone boards
Blockage: display, metal parts, case, batteries.
1000 ₽/kg
1000 ₽/kg
Boards from tablets
Blockage: display, metal parts, case, batteries.
12 ₽/pc
12 ₽/pc
Touch and push-button phones
Blockage: batteries, back cover.
1.0
350 ₽/kg
600 ₽/kg
Boards from GSM cellular stations
Blockage: batteries, batteries, metal parts, plastic fasteners, heatsinks, aluminum capacitors, coils.
1.1
275 ₽/kg
360 ₽/kg
Motherboards for laptops and motherboards up to the Pentium 4 generation (not including Pentium 4)
Blockage: batteries, batteries, metal parts, fastening of the socket cover a, plastic fixtures, radiators, aluminum capacitors, coils.
1.2
160 ₽/kg
220 ₽/kg
Motherboards after generation Pentium 4 Socket: 423, mPGA 478, 775, 1155, 1156, 1366, 462, 939, 754, AM2, AM2+, AM3, AM3+ ,PCI boards
Blockage: batteries, batteries, metal parts, socket cover fasteners, plastic fasteners, heatsinks, aluminum capacitors, coils.
1.3
60 ₽/kg
160 ₽/kg
Instrument control boards, office equipment boards and boards from PC CD-ROM, PC DVD-ROM, etc.
Blockage: plastic, metal, aluminum elements.
1.4
60 ₽/kg
90 ₽/kg
Boards from Soviet household devices, TVs, tape recorders, etc.
Blockage: plastic, metal, aluminum elements.
1.4+
50 ₽/kg
80 — 250 ₽/kg
Control boards for military and Soviet devices, made in the USSR
Blockage: plastic, metal, aluminum elements.
1.5
20 ₽/kg
40 ₽/kg
Monitor boards and any power boards (office equipment, monitors, etc.)
Blockage: plastic, metal, aluminum elements, transformers (more than 3 cm in any direction ), monitor black coils.
2.1
7000 ₽/kg
8000 ₽/kg
Ceramic processors 286/386/486/goldcap
Blockage: cooling elements.
2.2
Rs.
2.3
1500 ₽/kg
1700 ₽/kg
Processors socket 370
Blockage: cooling elements.
2.4
$40/kg
$55/kg
Processors socket: 423, mPGA 478, 775, 1155, 1156, 1366, 462, 939, 754, AM2, AM2+, AM3, AM3+ etc.
Blockage : cooling elements.
2.5
500 ₽/kg
550 ₽/kg
Processors socket 370 (tualatin)
2.6
700 ₽ / kg
1350 ₽ / kg hall).
3.1
Rs. DIMM, SIMM, EDO RAM, PS2-RAM, SD RAM, RD-RAM or DDR memory
Blockage: metal cooling plates.
3.2
1500 ₽/kg
1500 ₽/kg
Memory with yellow («gold») edges. RAM modules for PCs, servers and laptops with gold-plated edges. DIMM, SIMM, EDO RAM, PS2-RAM, SD RAM, RD-RAM or DDR memory
Blockage: metal cooling fins.
3.3
260 ₽/kg
340 ₽/kg
Video cards, sound cards, network cards
Blockage: metal parts, plastic fasteners, heatsinks.
Purchase of video cards
4.1+
300 ₽/kg
700 ₽/kg
Hard disk controller board from SAS, SATA, IDE, SSD
4.1
40 ₽/kg
50 ₽/kg
Unassembled hard drives (even with functional, mechanical or electronic defects)
Blockage: plastic case.
5.1
7 ₽/kg
7 ₽/kg
Drives
10.1
7 ₽/kg
15 ₽/kg
External and internal power supplies and adapters
Blockage: missing cable.
33.1
$20/kg
$20/kg
Ribbon cables and connectors, IDE cable
34.4
Rs.
34.5
20 ₽/kg
20 ₽/kg
Servers without cabinet and tower (Tower)
Blockage: absence of any element — motherboard, memory, processor, power supply.
Buying servers
34.6
Rs.
34.7
5 ₽/kg
5 ₽/kg
ABS plastic
Blockage: metal parts from office equipment.
36.1
40 ₽/kg
40 ₽/kg
Copper wires and cables
52.2
70 ₽/kg
140 ₽/kg
Silver-plated aluminum blocks GSM
Blockage: bolts, iron impurities.
Russian motherboards and processor modules
Manufacturer
Baikal Electronics(1)
Edelweiss(7)
Elpitech(2)
Series
Type of equipment
Fee(7)
Module(3)
Register of the Ministry of Industry and Trade:
yes(2)
Form Factor
mini-ITX(5)
non-standard(5)
CPU
Baikal-M(4)
Baikal-T(6)
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on request
Expansion slots: M. 2 M key (PCie 3.0 x 4) for NVME SSD PCie 3.0×8
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on request
Expansion slots: M.2 M key (PCie 3.0 x 4) for NVME SSD PCie 3.0×8; PCIe 3.0×8
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on request
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on request
The E107 server board is designed to build a line of entry-level general purpose servers, rack and blade distributed storage platforms, and advanced NAS platforms.
Due to the variability of executions, the motherboard can be applied in various market niches. -
on request
Compact and unified design fits into any mini-ITX compatible desktop solution.
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on request
VM3BT1 allows you to create the most cost-effective solutions in compact housings.
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on request
The EM406-B processor module is designed for developers of various devices based on the Baikal-T1 processor.
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on request
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on request
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on request
Expansion slots: M. 2 M key (PCie 3.0 x 4) for NVME SSD PCie 3.0×8
-
on request
Expansion slots: M.2 M key (PCie 3.0 x 4) for NVME SSD PCie 3.0×8; PCIe 3.0×8
-
on request
-
upon request
The E107 server motherboard is designed to build a line of entry-level general-purpose servers, rack and blade distributed storage platforms, and advanced NAS platforms.
Due to the variability of executions, the motherboard can be applied in various market niches. -
on request
Compact and unified design fits into any mini-ITX compatible desktop solution.