Comparer gpu: GPU UserBenchmarks — 689 Graphics Cards Compared

Novabench — Scores & Stats

Score	System	Date	User
8917	AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 5975WX 32-Cores NVIDIA RTX A4500 256GB DDR4	Oct 16, 2022	woid
8893	AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 5975WX 32-Cores NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 256GB DDR4	Sep 12, 2022	gogogodaddy
8376	AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 5975WX 32-Cores NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 SLI x2 256GB DDR4	Dec 2, 2022	Darth Heinous
7981	AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 16-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090	Oct 7, 2022	bmgjet
7729	AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 16-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090	Nov 26, 2022	R41D3NN
7689	AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X 32-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 128GB DDR4	Mar 22, 2022	Sanne-J
7609	AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X 32-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 32GB DDR4	Nov 20, 2022	forbin1968
7585	AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X 32-Core NVIDIA TITAN RTX SLI x2 128GB DDR4	Jan 9, 2021	akamrezaee
7575	AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 16-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090	Oct 19, 2022	TheTwentyFour
7574	AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 16-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090	Oct 18, 2022	Kamron
7557	AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 16-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090	Dec 5, 2022	thirdlife
7542	AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 16-Core AMD Radeon RX 6950 XT	Nov 6, 2022	NIKLAS
7530	AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 5965WX 24-Cores NVIDIA RTX A5000 128GB DDR4	Nov 13, 2022	JPE
7484	AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X 32-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 SLI x2 128GB DDR4	Nov 10, 2020	ryanminkisdaman
7468	AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 3995WX 64-Cores NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 SLI x2 256GB DDR4	Jul 5, 2022	whoami1788
7455	AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3990X 64-Core AMD Radeon RX 5700 XT 128GB DDR4	Nov 30, 2020	Smallpud2
7431	AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 16-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090	Dec 3, 2022	Afellowfriend
7430	AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 3975WX 32-Cores NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 256GB DDR4	Jul 2, 2021	dvdan23
7408	AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 16-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080	Nov 22, 2022	piponaker
7402	AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X 32-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 256GB DDR4	May 7, 2021	showtime614
7375	AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X 32-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 128GB DDR4	Dec 12, 2020	Valigarmanda_
7375	AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X 32-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti 128GB DDR4	Apr 5, 2021	sharpy2010
7363	AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X 32-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080 64GB DDR4	Sep 20, 2020	int0x21
7357	AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X 32-Core NVIDIA Quadro RTX 4000 256GB DDR4	Mar 19, 2021	marlena
7354	AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 16-Core NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090	Oct 8, 2022	jbattahoe

Benchmark Comparison of CPU and GPU Performance

Main specifications, results of popular benchmarks, performance rating and reviews

MSI GeForce RTX 2070 GAMING Z 8G

ASUS ROG Strix GeForce RTX 3060 OC Edition

AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X

AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 5975WX

Intel Core i5-6300U

AMD Ryzen 3 2300U

EVGA GeForce GTX 1660 XC ULTRA GAMING

ZOTAC GAMING GeForce RTX 3060 AMP White Edition

AMD Steam Deck GPU

ASUS Dual series GeForce GTX 1060 OC edition 3GB

Intel Core i5-12500H

Intel Core i7-10510U

Intel Xeon W-2245

Intel Core i9-12900K

Intel Core i5-1235U

Intel Core i7-10510U

Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 570 4G G5

XFX Radeon RX 580 GTR-S XXX Edition 8GB Crimson

AMD Phenom II X4 840

Intel Core i5-4430

Intel Xeon W-2245

Intel Xeon E5-2660 v4

NVIDIA RTX A5500

NVIDIA RTX A6000

Intel Xeon Gold 5122

Intel Xeon Silver 4215

AMD Ryzen 5 2600

AMD Ryzen 5 4600H

Processors (Cpu)

Top 10 processors

PassMark CPU Mark

AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro 3995WX

100%

AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3990X

99%

AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X

98%

AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 3975WX

97%

AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3960X

96%

Best Integrated Processor

iGPU

Intel Core i9-9980XE

100%

AMD Ryzen Threadripper 2970WX

99%

Intel Core i9-12900KF

98%

AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro 3955WX

97%

AMD Ryzen 9 3950X

96%

Better overall performance

Monero Hashrate kH/s

AMD Epyc 7763

100%

AMD Epyc 7742

99%

AMD Epyc 7702P

98%

AMD Epyc 7702

97%

AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3990X

96%

The best processors in terms of price-quality ratio

Fire Strike and CompuBench OpenCL benchmarks

Intel Celeron 6305

100%

AMD Ryzen 3 3200G

99%

AMD Ryzen 5 3400G

98%

AMD Ryzen 3 2200G

97%

AMD Ryzen 5 2400G

96%

Popular processors

CPU and iGPU benchmarks

AMD Ryzen 9 5950X

99%

Intel Core i5-11260H

95%

Intel Core i5-11500T

85%

Intel Core i7-1160G7

100%

Video cards (GPU)

Comparators. Device and work. Types and application. Features

Comparators — the name comes from the principle of operation — comparison. This is how devices that make measurements by comparing with a standard function: scales with the same arms, electric potentiometers.

Comparators are divided into mechanical, electrical and optical comparators according to their principle operation. Instruments with a mechanical design are used for checking finite measures of length. Comparators for such purposes were first used in France in 1792 year, there is information about this in encyclopedias. Such a comparator on a mechanical basis worked to verify the reference meter at the time of the introduction of the French metric system. The accuracy of such measurements of the comparator with levers reached 0.0005 mm. This is a great accuracy for that period of time.

Our task is to consider comparators used in modern times in electrical engineering for voltage.

Comparators with two inputs and one output. Moreover, one of the inputs is direct, and the other is inverse. These inputs receive voltage, which the device compares. Depending on this comparison, the device sets its output to either a logical zero when the voltage at the inverted input is higher than on the direct one, or a logical 1 when the voltage of the direct input is higher than on the inverse one.

The diagram shows the standard designation of the comparator. The comparator itself is quite versatile and is widely used in amateur radio activities. On the basis of the comparator, you can assemble a timer, a multivibrator, and even a driver for LEDs.

When choosing a comparator, pay attention to the following parameters:

Supply voltage range.
Input voltage range.
Maximum comparator output current.
Output type.

Not all comparators can install positive power on the output.

This circuit is built around a 20 kΩ variable resistor, two 10 kΩ fixed resistors, which form a voltage divider across the fixed resistors. They are connected to the inverting input. A voltage divider on a variable resistor is also connected to it.

The output of the comparator is the collector of an internal transistor whose emitter is connected to ground. This transistor either connects the output to ground or turns it off, so there can be no positive power at the output. Therefore, we pull the comparator output through a 1 kΩ resistor to the power plus.

When the voltage at the non-inverting input is higher than the voltage at the inverting input, the transistor turns off. The resistor we added pulls it to the power plus, as a result of which the LED lights up. When the voltage at the non-inverting input is lower than at the inverting input, the transistor opens and pulls the comparator output to ground, as a result of which the LED stops glowing.

If the voltage at the two inputs is approximately the same, then the output of the comparator logically switches from one state to another and back under the influence of internal and external interference. To combat interference and clearly switch the comparator from one state to another, circuits with hysteresis are assembled.

Pin designations are as follows:

The first pin is the output of the first comparator, the second pin is the inverting input of the first comparator, the third is the non-inverting input of the first comparator, the fourth is ground, the eighth pin is the supply voltage. The second comparator is not used. The output is connected with the yellow wire to the pull-up resistor and to the LED, the green wire is connected to a voltage divider with fixed resistors, the white wire is connected to the middle leg of the variable resistor, which is a voltage divider.

When measuring the supply voltage at a voltage divider with 10 kΩ fixed resistors. When the circuit is turned on, the red LED lights up. We turn on the multimeter to measure the DC voltage of the range up to 20 V, connect it to the second leg of the microcircuit. The voltage reading is 2.4V. These are fixed resistors, the voltage divider will not change the voltage itself. Since the variable resistor is installed on the non-inverting input, we switch to it. Reading 0.87 V. The voltage at the non-inverting input is lower than at the inverting one. Hence the LED is off.

When the voltage exceeds 2.4 V, the LED lights up. When exposed to external interference, a chaotic switching of the comparator output occurs. This is where a hysteresis circuit can come in handy.

Comparators are used in integrated design as components of microcircuits. Integral timers have two input comparators. This determines the feature of the device. Microcontrollers are produced with built-in comparators. Regardless of the design and scheme, the principle of operation of the device does not differ.

New comparators similar to op amps, high gain, no feedback, same type of inputs.

Operation of the voltage comparator

Various descriptions of the operation of the device give examples of comparison with a balance scale. On one side of the scales lies a weight — the standard, on the other side of the goods. When the weight of the goods becomes equal to the mass of the weight, or more, the weights rise up, and the weighing is over.

A similar process occurs with the voltage comparator. Instead of weights, there is a reference voltage, instead of a product, there is an entry signal. When a logical unit occurs at the output of the device, the voltages are compared. This is called the «threshold sensitivity» of the comparator.

Device testing does not require complex circuitry. It is necessary to turn on the voltmeter at the output of the device, and connect the voltage to the inputs, which is regulated. When the input voltage changes on the voltmeter, the operation of the comparator will be visible.

Characteristics of comparators

When using devices, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics that are divided into dynamic and static. Static are the parameters of the steady state. This is the threshold sensitivity. It is the smallest difference of input signals. When it occurs a logical signal at the output.

Some comparators are equipped with bias voltage leads to offset the transmission characteristic from the ideal position. An important parameter is the hysteresis, that is, the difference in input voltages. It is due to the positive value feedback, designed to eliminate the “bounce” of the output signal when the comparator is switched.

Device

The scheme of the device is quite complex, large and not very clear. Consider a simple functional diagram according to the figure.

Differential input stage, level bias circuit, output logic shown. The differential stage produces the main amplification of the difference signal. The bias device implements the optimal state of the output. This makes it possible to select the type of logic to work with. This setting is made by a trimmed resistor at the «balancing» terminals.

Comparator with memory and gating

Modern innovative comparators are equipped with a gating input. This means that the comparison of the input signals is carried out only when a pulse is applied. This makes it possible to compare entry signals at the required moment.

Simple device structure diagram with strobing:

Devices according to the figure with a paraphase output, like a trigger — direct upper output, lower (circle) — inverse. C — strobe input. In figure a), the gate signals of the input are carried out at the high level of the input C. On the designation of the input C, the inversion sign is depicted by a small circle.

Figure b) strobe input with dash /. This means that the gating takes place on the ascending pulse. The strobe signal is the permission of the comparison. The result of the comparison appears at the output under the action of the gate pulse. Some devices have memory (with trigger). They store the result until the next pulse.

The gate time must be long enough for the input signal to pass through the differential stage before the memory cell fires. The use of gating increases protection against interference, since interference changes the state of the device during the pulse.

Classification

Comparators are divided into three groups: general purpose, precision and fast acting. In practice, devices of general use are more often used.

Such devices have features and properties that attract attention. They consume little power and can operate at low supply voltages. 4 devices can be placed in one case. This group sometimes makes it possible to produce useful devices.

This is a simple signal to unitary digital code converter that can be converted to binary by digital conversion. There are 4 comparators in the circuit. The reference voltage is supplied to the inverting inputs through a resistive-type divider. With the same resistors at the inverting inputs of the device, the voltage will be equal to n * Uop / 4, n is the device number. The input voltage is applied to non-inverting inputs that are connected together.

As a result of comparing the input voltage with the reference voltage, a digital unitary code of the input voltage is formed at the comparator outputs.

Comparator principle of operation

A comparator is a device designed to compare any values (from Latin comparare — «compare»). It is an operational amplifier with a large multiplier. It has inputs: direct and inverse. If necessary, the reference signal can be connected to any of them.

How does a comparator work?
Comparator application
How the analog comparator works
Digital comparator features
Comparator IC
Comparator on the operational amplifier
Comparator

practical example

Mass comparators: concept
Comparator types

How does a comparator work?

One of the inputs is supplied with a constant signal, which is called the reference. It is used as a reference for comparison. The second one receives the test signal. The output is a transistor that changes its state depending on the conditions:

The direct input voltage is higher than the inverse one — the transistor is open.
Inverted input voltage above direct — closed.

Accordingly, the output voltage jumps from minimum to maximum, or vice versa.

Comparator application

Used in circuits for measuring electrical signals and in analog-to-digital converters. In logical circuits, the elements “or” and “not”, which are also comparators, work. Accordingly, the use of this component is not limited to specific examples, since it is applied everywhere.

It is worth noting that the comparison device can be made from any operational amplifier, but not vice versa. The comparator gain is quite high. Accordingly, its inputs are very sensitive to the voltage difference between them. A discrepancy of a few millivolts significantly changes the output voltage.

Thus, the comparator allows you to observe minimal fluctuations in input voltage levels. This makes it an indispensable element of comparison circuits and high-precision measuring instruments:

input signal level indicators;
metal detectors;
micro- and millivoltmeters;
electromagnetic radiation detectors;
laboratory sensors;
mass comparators;
gas analyzers.

How the analog comparator works

The analog comparator compares continuous signals — input measured and input reference. With a slow change in the input signal, the comparator switches repeatedly in a short period of time. This phenomenon is called «electronic chatter». Its presence significantly reduces the effectiveness of the comparison. Since the frequently repeated changes in the state of the output, enter the terminal transistor into a saturation state.

To reduce the effect of «electronic chatter», POS — positive feedback is introduced into the circuit. It provides hysteresis — a small difference between the turn-on and turn-off voltage levels. Some comparators have a built-in PIC, which reduces the number of additional design elements.

Features of the digital comparator

The digital comparator is a one-bit analog-to-digital converter. The output voltage is either a logic «0» or «1». Both analog and digital signals can be applied to the input. The device is used as a pulse shaper for interfacing sensor circuits and display devices. Can be used to analyze the spectrum of a sound or light signal. The comparator is also the logical elements «or» and «not» used in computing.

Theoretically, with slightly small fluctuations in the level of the input signal, an output uncertainty state can occur. In practice, the equality of the measured and reference voltages does not occur. Because the comparator has limited gain or positive feedback.

IC comparator

The industry produces comparators in the form of integrated circuits. Their use allows you to create compact devices, with a minimum of attachments. Also, the advantage of small-sized parts is in the insignificant length of the connecting conductors. In conditions of increased electromagnetic radiation, they are receiving antennas for all kinds of electrical interference.

Op-amp comparator

Comparators have a lot in common with op-amps:

gain;
input impedance;
value of input currents;
saturation state.

Application example for comparator

The circuit diagram shows a light sensor.

The reference voltage is set by resistors RV1 and R2. In this case, RV1 serves as a regulator of the sensitivity of the structure. The indication is implemented on LED D1. The sensor is the LDR1 element, which changes the ohmic resistance depending on the illumination. The comparator itself is represented by an LM324 operational amplifier. This simple device demonstrates how a comparator works in practice.

Mass comparators: concept

The mass comparator is a device designed to clarify the difference in mass values of weights in the control of mass and weight standards, as well as for precision weighing. The most accurate mass comparators are capable of weighing any sample and comparing it with another like it. It happens at the atomic level. The need for such devices arises due to the imperfection of reference samples of measures of weight and volume of liquid.

Comparer gpu: GPU UserBenchmarks — 689 Graphics Cards Compared

Novabench — Scores & Stats

Benchmark Comparison of CPU and GPU Performance

Comparators. Device and work. Types and application. Features

When choosing a comparator, pay attention to the following parameters:

Pin designations are as follows:

Simple device structure diagram with strobing:

Related topics:

Comparator principle of operation

How does a comparator work?

Comparator application

How the analog comparator works

Features of the digital comparator

IC comparator

Op-amp comparator

Application example for comparator

Mass comparators: concept