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How and at what stage should testing be completed?

The beginning is half the battle. This rule applies to almost any field of activity, and even to software testing.

Often at the beginning of a project, testers exude enthusiasm by writing documentation (test strategy, test plan, or test cases).

But in the future, difficulties often arise. At the end of the first round of testing, testers usually find a bunch of bugs, and then come to the second stage somewhat relaxed. There is a so-called. the human factor and the general human tendency when it becomes boring to perform repeated operations.

In these situations, many people feel like they are doing monotonous work, and as a result, they lose interest in continuing to test already familiar software. And during the third, approximately, round, the question inexorably hangs over the tester: “When do you need to stop testing?”

Every tester at least once asked this question, the extended version of which would look like this:

Contents

• “When, at what stage and how to stop testing?”
  • Is that enough already?
  • Is that enough?
• Termination or exit criteria
• What does the exit criterion include?
• Testing can be completed when:
• Test coverage:
• Deadlines:
• Test documentation:
• Budget:
• Finally, please answer a few questions

“When, at what stage and how stop testing?

Many testers believe that there are no special conditions that indicate that testing should be completed. But to answer this question, you will have to analyze the test activity from beginning to end.

Suppose the task is to test a new project.

Initial actions:

• The test team receives the requirements.
• This is followed by planning and development.
• Prepare and review test documentation for .

Testing Round #1)

The test team begins testing as soon as they are handed the newly created software product.

During the testing phase, testers run various scenarios in an attempt to crack the software and find defects. (Because the application is new and is being evaluated for the first time, the defect rate will be relatively high.)

Developers fix defects and return development to testers for retesting.

Testers check for defects, then move on to regression testing.

Once major bugs are fixed and the software is stable, the development team releases the next version.

Testing round #2)

Testers begin the second round of testing and repeat what was done during the first round.

During this process, some more defects are usually found.

Defects are fixed by the developers and the application is resubmitted for review.

Testers conduct retests and regression testing of parts of the development that have not changed.

This can be continued indefinitely. Round 3, 4, 5…until the software is completely bug free.

Graphically, this process can be depicted as follows:

But is it theoretically possible to find absolutely all defects? This is a million dollar question, but let’s try to answer it.

Most of the applications are complex, that’s why the scope of their testing is quite large. Not that it is completely impossible to detect absolutely all defects, but this will take eternity.

Even after most software bugs are found, no one can say for sure that the application has become flawless.

Moreover, such a task is not worth it. The purpose of software testing is to make sure that it is functional and works as planned. This is achieved through hacking attempts or looking for deviations from the expected behavior.

Applications can have an infinite number of defects, and it is impractical to test software until they are completely fixed. You never know which bug will be the last.

And if «stop testing when defects are completely fixed» is no longer a criterion, then what should be the starting point?

Let’s try to figure out which factors should be considered the most important?

The decision to stop testing usually depends on the time (available), budget, and required duration of testing.

Most often, the decision to end a test is made when time/budget runs out, or when all test cases have been completed. But this is a compromise solution, which can be at the expense of quality.

Example

Test script:

Suppose you need to test a software module, a certain budget is allocated for this work. Time: 1 month. Total number of test scenarios: 200 But testing stopped for 3 days. You cannot check other scripts until the discovered bug is fixed. After wasting time, you get back to work.

By the end of the week, 20 scripts were checked and several more dangerous bugs were found.

Week 2 : You start testing, carefully looking for defects. During the second week, find several bugs of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd level of criticality. During this time, 70 scenarios were tested.

Week 3 : By the beginning of the third week, all high priority defects were fixed, but now a recheck of previously discovered bugs is now added to the execution of current scripts. In the third week, you covered 120 scenarios and found a few more bugs. Now it remains to look for only third-order defects.

Week 4 : Defects and the 80 remaining scenarios must be rechecked by the start of the fourth week. By the end of the week, you’ve tested 180 scenarios; all high priority defects have been fixed and retested.

Data on the test performed are placed in the table:

Weeks #1-4	Work	Results after a week
Week #1	First day — Show Stopper defect found. Testing stopped before a dangerous defect was fixed. The defect was fixed on the fourth day. Testing continued.	Critical errors detected. 20 scenarios tested.
Week #2	Special attention to defects. Run remaining test scripts. Re-testing for defects.	Several more level 1, 2 and 3 defects have been found. Total number of tests completed 70.
Week #3	Rechecking and searching for major defects. Run remaining scripts. It remains to find defects of the third level of criticality.	Multiple level 1, 2 and 3 defects found. 120 scenarios tested.
Week #4	Retesting for high and medium level defects. Execution of test scenarios.	Multiple level 3 defects found. Total number of scenarios tested 180.

Is that enough already?

Test time has expired. You have found and eliminated a number of first-level defects. If we stop there, can the developed software be considered reliable? Not really, for some reason:

• Not all scripts have been tested.
• Several potentially dangerous defects were never tested.
• All tested scenarios were only tested once.
• The software still has defects.
• Regression testing was not performed.

Scenario #2)

Week 1 : You find a Level 1 defect on the first day of testing. And testing is delayed by 3 days. After losing three days, you get back to work.

By the end of the week, 20 scenarios were checked, and several more dangerous defects were found.

The results of the first week are the same as example #1.

Week 2 : During the second week you find several bugs of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd level of criticality. But now the task is to cover as many scenarios as possible. As a result, 120 scenarios by the end of the week.

Week 3 : By the beginning of the third week, all priority defects have been fixed, and now, in addition to the current scenarios, it is necessary to recheck previously detected defects. In the third week, you covered 200 scenarios and found a number of bugs.

You can now only report second and third level defects.

Test data:

Weeks #1-3	Work	Results after a week
Week #1	First day — Show Stopper defect found. Testing stopped before a dangerous defect was fixed. The defect was fixed on the fourth day. Testing continued until the end of the first week.	Critical errors detected. 20 scenarios tested.
Week #2	The main focus on the number of scenarios, in order to make up for lost time. Retesting of fixed defects.	Several more level 1, 2 and 3 defects have been found. Total number of tests completed 70.
Week #3	Rechecking and searching for major defects. Run remaining scripts. It remains to find defects of the third level.	Multiple level 1, 2 and 3 defects found. All scripts have been checked.

Is that enough?

You have fully covered all test scenarios, found a few more defects. If we stop there, can the software be considered reliable?

Not quite:

• All scripts were only tested once.
• The software still has defects.
• Regression testing was not performed.

As you can see, both scenarios do not guarantee quality. It is best to try to find a middle ground in such a situation, to use an approach that would take into account all the best features from the first and second scenarios. To do this, you need to define a number of criteria.

Completion or exit criteria

The exit criteria determines how much testing should be considered sufficient. It is determined at the end of the testing cycle and included in the plan. This is a set of conditions or activities that must be met in order for the test to be called complete.

What does the exit criterion include?

Ideally, this is a combination of several factors that are unique to all projects. It all depends on the requirements of a particular project. Therefore, during planning, it is more expedient to calculate as many parameters as possible.

Below are some things to consider during functional or system testing. You can choose a combination or use all of these factors to determine when to complete testing.

Testing can be completed when:

• All 100% requirements are met.
• Defects found/expected number of defects found.
• All Show Stopper or Blocker bugs have been fixed, none of the critical bugs have an «open» status.
• All high priority defects identified and fixed.
• Defect Rate (defect formation rate) is below the set allowable level.
• A very small number of medium-severity defects have been “opened”, they have been analyzed.
• The number of “open” medium-level defects that do not affect the use of the system is very small.
• All defects with a high priority level have been closed and the corresponding fallback scenarios have been successfully run.

Test coverage:

• Test coverage should be at 95%.
• The Pass Rate of the text case must also be 95%. The following formula is used to calculate this percentage:

(Total number of successful text cases / total number of test cases) * 100.

• All critical test cases were successful
• 5% of test cases can fail, but this applies to low priority cases.
• Full functionality coverage achieved.
• All major functional defects have been successfully fixed.

Deadlines:

The testing period has expired.

Test documentation:

All test documentation to be submitted (eg test report) prepared, reviewed and submitted.

Budget:

• The budget allocated for testing has been fully spent.
• Go / No Go meetings have been held, the decision to release the product has been made.

Finally, please answer a few questions

If the majority of the answers are yes, this means that you can complete the test.