Can glutathione change eye color: 5 Glutathione Benefits for Eyes: How to Keep Your Vision Sharp

10 ноября, 2022

5 Glutathione Benefits for Eyes: How to Keep Your Vision Sharp

Table of Content

Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect the body against free radicals. Glutathione also plays an important role in eye health and can help keep your vision sharp as you age. In this blog post, we will discuss the glutathione benefits for eyes, and how you can increase glutathione levels to protect your vision!

What is Glutathione?

Glutathione is a small protein that is produced naturally in the body. It is made up of three amino acids: glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. It is found in every cell in the body, and it plays a vital role in many important processes.

Glutathione Eye Drops

Glutathione eye drops are a popular way to increase glutathione levels in the body. They are available over-the-counter and can be used to treat a variety of eye conditions.

These eye drops are most commonly used to treat dry eyes, but they can also be used to treat other conditions such as blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction.

Glutathione eye drops are safe for most people to use, but it is important to speak with your doctor before using them if you have any medical conditions.

Glutathione and Eye Color

Glutathione is also known to change eye color. It can be used to lighten the eyes, and it is also thought to help improve vision. Glutathione is a safe and effective way to change your eye color, and it is a popular choice for those looking for a non-invasive way to change their appearance.

Also check out: The 5 Best Eye Specialists In Lahore

Glutathione Benefits for Eye Health

Glutathione plays a vital role in eye health and can help keep your vision sharp as you age. Here are five glutathione benefits for eyes:

1. Protects from UV Damage

Glutathione can help protect the eyes from damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) light. Glutathione helps to filter out harmful UV rays and prevents them from damaging the eyes. Glutathione also helps to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, which are both associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

2. Improve Dry Eyes

Glutathione can help improve dry eye symptoms. Dry eye is a common condition that occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears. Glutathione helps to keep the eyes lubricated and prevents them from drying out.

3. Might treat Blepharitis

Glutathione can help treat blepharitis. Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids that can cause redness, itching, and burning. Glutathione can help to reduce inflammation and improve blepharitis symptoms.

4. Might Treat Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Glutathione can help treat meibomian gland dysfunction. Meibomian gland dysfunction is a condition that causes the glands that produce tears to become blocked. Glutathione can help to unblock the glands and improve meibomian gland dysfunction symptoms.

5. Might Protect Eyes from Cataracts

Glutathione might help protect the eyes from cataracts. Cataracts are a common age-related eye condition that causes the lenses of the eyes to become cloudy. Glutathione helps to prevent oxidative damage, which is a major contributor to cataract formation.

Therefore, according to studies, even though there is no evidence that glutathione deficiency causes cataracts in people, it is theoretically possible.

Also read: 12 Black Currant Benefits for Eyes

How to Increase Glutathione Levels

Just like there are many glutathione benefits for eyes, there are also several ways you can increase glutathione levels in the body:

  • Eat a diet that is rich in sulfur-containing foods. Foods that are high in sulfur include eggs, garlic, onions, and cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cabbage.
  • Take supplements. Glutathione supplements are available in a variety of forms, including capsules, tablets, and powders.
  • Get more exercise. Exercise helps to increase glutathione levels in the body.
  • Reduce stress. Stress can deplete glutathione levels in the body, so it is important to find ways to reduce stress in your life.

Glutathione Side Effects

Glutathione is a safe and well-tolerated supplement, but there are a few potential side effects that you should be aware of. These side effects include:

  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Headache
  • Skin rash

If you experience any of these side effects, stop taking glutathione and speak with your doctor.

Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that offers many benefits to the eyes. If you are looking for ways to improve your eye health, consider adding glutathione to your diet!

There are several easy ways to increase glutathione levels in the body, and most people tolerate it well with few side effects. However, as with any supplement, it is always best to speak with your doctor before starting any new supplement.

Consult an Eye Specialist!

If you have any concerns about your eye health, it is always best to consult an eye specialist. Glutathione can offer many benefits for the eyes, but it is not a substitute for professional medical care.

An Eye specialist is a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions and diseases. If you are experiencing any problems with your eyes, click here to make an appointment to see an eye doctor via Marham.

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FAQs

1. Is glutathione good for the retina?

Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect the body against free radicals. So, glutathione is good for the retina.

2. Can glutathione reverse cataracts?

Yes, there is some evidence that glutathione can help reverse cataracts.

3. What does glutathione do in the lens?

Glutathione scavenges free radicals and neutralizes them before they can cause damage.

Glutathione-related enzymes and the eye

Review

. 2006 Jan;31(1):1-11.

doi: 10. 1080/02713680500477347.

Elena Ganea 
1
, John J Harding

Affiliations

Affiliation

  • 1 Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independentei 296, Bucharest, Romania. [email protected]

  • PMID:

    16421014

  • DOI:

    10.1080/02713680500477347

Review

Elena Ganea et al.

Curr Eye Res.

2006 Jan.

. 2006 Jan;31(1):1-11.

doi: 10.1080/02713680500477347.

Authors

Elena Ganea 
1
, John J Harding

Affiliation

  • 1 Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independentei 296, Bucharest, Romania. [email protected]

  • PMID:

    16421014

  • DOI:

    10.1080/02713680500477347

Abstract

Glutathione and the related enzymes belong to the defence system protecting the eye against chemical and oxidative stress. This review focuses on GSH and two key enzymes, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in lens, cornea, and retina. Lens contains a high concentration of reduced glutathione, which maintains the thiol groups in the reduced form. These contribute to lens complete transparency as well as to the transparent and refractive properties of the mammalian cornea, which are essential for proper image formation on the retina. In cornea, gluthatione also plays an important role in maintaining normal hydration level, and in protecting cellular membrane integrity. In retina, glutathione is distributed in the different types of retinal cells. Intracellular enzyme, glutathione reductase, involved in reducing the oxidized glutathione has been found at highest activity in human and primate lenses, as compared to other species. Besides the enzymes directly involved in maintaining the normal redox status of the cell, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which catalyzes the first reaction of the pentose phosphate pathway, plays a key role in protection of the eye against reactive oxygen species. Cornea has a high activity of the pentose phosphate pathway and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Glycation, the non-enzymic reaction between a free amino group in proteins and a reducing sugar, slowly inactivates gluthathione-related and other enzymes. In addition, glutathione can be also glycated. The presence of glutathione, and of the related enzymes has been also reported in other parts of the eye, such as ciliary body and trabecular meshwork, suggesting that the same enzyme systems are present in all tissues of the eye to generate NADPH and to maintain gluthatione in the reduced form. Changes of glutathione and related enzymes activity in lens, cornea, retina and other eye tissues, occur with ageing, cataract, diabetes, irradiation and administration of some drugs.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT GLUTATHIONE

09 Dec 2015 —
Parisa Clinic —
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT GLUTATHIONE

FAQ

1. How fast will it take for one to experience skin lightening after taking GLUTATHIONE  TABLETS?

Duration of gradual systemic effect on an average individual

  • Fair to medium brown Complexion – 1-3 Months

  • Dark Brown Complexion – 1-6 Months

  • Very dark Complexion – 6-12 months

  • Black Complexion – 12-24 months

 

2. Why is it that some people see results early and others take long before they can see it?

People have different metabolism and weight. The fact that some people see results early is because their body have absorbed the components well. Finally, dosage is an issue.

3. What is the recommended dosage to achieve faster and visible results?

In order to achieve a faster result the right dosage for a certain person must be based on his/her body weight and skin tone. Standard dosage is 20-40mg per kilogram of body weight for 3 to 6 month.

4. Do you think it is right to take higher dosage of GLUTATHIONE  TABLETS?

There is no such thing as over dosage in whitening supplements. Primarily Glutathione is given at a daily dose of more than 500mg to certain patients. GLUTATHIONE and its components are all supplements; they are in existence in our body. They are water-soluble which just means that if there’s anything in excess, it will be just excreted through urine or bile.

Some people with darker skin tone report that taking GLUTATHIONE along with vitamin C for three to six months or more actually lightens the colour of their skin.

5. Is it ok to continue using some whitening cream or gel along with GLUTATHIONE TABLETS?

There is no problem if you still continue using your regular skin care regimen (creams, lotions) but once the whitening process has started you might not need to buy any creams to apply to your skin, GLUTATHIONE  TABLET alone is ok and you will see it for yourself.

6.How does GLUTATHIONE  TABLETS process starts? Can it give an equal skin tone all over?

The reason why skin becomes white in using GLUTATHIONE TABLETS is because it reverses the dark melanin pigments turning to a light pigments and reduces melanocytes which produces melanin. Less the melanin, whiter the skin. The whitening process starts inside the skin (dermal layer) going outside (epidermal layer), that’s the reason why it takes time to be able to see initial change in your skin tone. The whitening process is goes head to foot meaning that you will have a white even skin tone in your whole body.

7. How do I consider GLUTATHIONE  TABLETS? Is it a drug, vitamin or supplement?

GLUTATHIONE  TABLETS can be considered as food/dietary supplements. This is not a drug and so there are no known contradictions and precautions to be taken into consideration.

8. Is it ok to take it along with my other medication? Is there anything I avoid when taking GLUTATHIONE  TABLETS?

GLUTATHIONE  TABLETS shouldn’t be taken by people taking anti-psychotic drug and chemotherapeutic drug. Avoid drinking alcoholic beverages; the presence of alcohol in the stomach is one reason for your body to not fully absorb the whitening pill.

9. Once I have achieved the skin tone I want, is it ok to stop taking GLUTATHIONE  TABLETS or should I continue it?

It is advisable to still continue taking even though you have achieved the skin tone you want. Take 1 tablet a day as maintenance.

10. Are the whitening effects of GLUTATHIONE  TABLETS permanent? Will my skin go back to its original colour once I stop it?

Its whitening effects are permanent only if you will maintain it (by avoiding exposure to sunlight). You won’t go back to your original skin colour even if you stop taking these supplements, however, there is a tendency for you to be tan or darken your skin if you expose yourself to sunlight and other harsh elements.

11. Will exposure to sun effect the whitening or is it bad when I am taking GLUTATHIONE  TABLETS?

Sunlight provides vitamin D but it is not safe for our skin to be exposed from it for the fact that our ozone layer is much depleted and so will not protect us from UV rays. Exposure to sunlight will indirectly affect the whitening process since it increases the melanin pigments in the skin, thus, might delay the whitening process. It’s not really bad to be exposed to sunlight but at least have protection and be sure not be exposed at a long period of time.

12. What if I am taking GLUTATHIONE  TABLETS and am exposed to sunlight, what should I do?

Use sunblock or sunscreen lotion that has an SPF of 45-60. It will protect you from the harmful effects of the sun.

13. Is there any untoward side effect from long term use of GLUTATHIONE  TABLETS?

There are no side effects or interactions known with oral administration of GLUTATHIONE TABLETS even in its prolonged use. The side-effect, we all know, is the SKIN WHITENING itself.

14. Can slimming pills be taken along with GLUTATHIONE  TABLETS?

L-GLUTATHIONE is considered as a supplement and therefore safe to be taken with other medications, vitamins or supplements.

15. Is it safe to be taken by young teens who want to be white?

Yes it is safe to be taken by young teens from age 14 years and to all ages who also want to be white. Henceforth, the right dosage should be taken into consideration.

  1. How long will it take to get results?

Below is the standard duration for each skin colour:

Medium brown skin: 1-3 months

Dark brown skin: 3-6 months

Very dark skin: 6-12 months

Black skin: 2 years or more

How to change eye color, is it possible?

Published:

Photo: UGC

The number of eye shades in humans is quite limited. But the researchers argue that no two pairs are the same color — there are as many of them as there are pairs of eyes in the world. Despite this uniqueness, anyway, sometimes someone has an idea how to change the color of the eyes.

What determines eye color

Among people of different races, only 8 basic eye shades are common. The color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in it — this is a special pigment that colors the iris. Most of this pigment in brown eyes. They are the most common — in about 70% of the population. The second most common are blue eyes, which are mostly found in the northern part of Europe. Rare colors are black, purple, yellow. Green eyes are often inherent in people with red hair, such during the period of medieval obscurantism were persecuted as sorcerers and witches.

Occasionally there is a different eye color in one person: either they are completely different (for example, one is gray and the other is hazel), or there are fragments of a different color in the iris of one eye.

There are eyes of an elusive shade that often changes — these are chameleon eyes. Usually this is distinguished by light shades that change due to internal or external reasons. They are influenced by both strong emotions and different weather, lighting, clothing. This is not a disease, but simply a unique feature of the eye.

Human eye color is determined by genes but changes throughout life. All are born, mostly with bluish-gray eyes, but the final color is established by 10-12 years. In older people, the eyes turn pale. Their color also changes from some diseases, with the use of medicines.

See also: Improving eyesight: tips and effective exercises

Normal eye color correction

Photo: pexels.com: UGC

The desire of many people to change and improve their appearance is inextinguishable. Someone dreams of a new image with eyes of a different color. And someone wants to experience new emotions, to feel in a new role, and for this it seems necessary to give a special magic to the look.

You can correct your eye color on your own. But the color cannot be completely changed, it will take a long time for the changes to become noticeable. But these methods are practically harmless to health:

  • With the help of certain products, light eyes can be darkened.

Nuts, honey, ginger, hard cheeses, fish and meat contribute to this. Spinach in the diet will keep the youth and brightness of the eyes, and seafood will make their color more saturated and juicy.

  • Clothing and decorative cosmetics help to visually change the shade of the eyes.

Women often use these magic tools. So, a dress of brown or burgundy colors and the same tones of cosmetics will make green eyes brighter. Brown eyes will be more expressive from yellow-golden shades of clothing. Grays will take on a blue or turquoise color from blue, metallic tones. Neutral colors of clothes will emphasize the beautiful true shade of the eyes.

  • Contact lenses are the quickest and most effective way to change eye color.

Some of them are created with a special coloring pigment, you can choose according to your taste and mood. Tinted or beauty lenses will emphasize the natural beauty of the eyes, give a radiance to the look. A positive factor in this case is that the color changes for a short period of time, so you won’t get bored.

If necessary, the surroundings can be taken into account to correct the gaze. Subdued lighting affects any eyes, making them darker and more expressive. The look changes on the emotional background: anger makes the eyes darker, and joy — brighter, lighter.

Dramatic ways to change eye color

Photo: pixabay.com: UGC

If you want to change your eye color for life, you can’t do it on your own, you need the help of ophthalmologists. There are two types of operations available:

  • Insertion of a silicone implant.

Like any surgery, it also carries risks and can affect eye health.

  • A new method of color correction — using a laser beam.

It will destroy the top layer of pigment in a few seconds. In this case, even dark brown eyes can be turned into blue or blue. The result will not be visible immediately, it will appear in half a month or a month. The first operations showed that they do not affect vision. But it takes time to identify long-term effects.

It must be remembered that operations change the color of the eyes irreversibly. If a person has a tendency to frequent changes in appearance, then it is worth weighing everything several times.

The eyes are the mirror of the human soul. They reflect his mood, feelings. Close people over time even understand each other at a glance. It does not matter what color the eyes are, so their shade is just a decorative quality.

See also: How to make beautiful eye makeup

Original article: https://www. nur.kz/family/beauty/1819272-kak-izmenit-cvet-glaz-vozmozno-li-eto/

Medicine — Ogonyok No. 46 (5492) dated 11/20/2017

1K

4 min.

…

Physiology

Run and see

Photo: PhotoXpress.ru

If you sit in front of the TV for hours, blood clots may appear in your veins. Scientists analyzed the data of 15,158 people from 45 to 64 years old. And they found out that regular TV viewers have a 1.7 times higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism compared to those who watch TV rarely or do not watch at all. Even normal physical activity does not save TV lovers. If mobile viewers watch it frequently, they are 1.8 times more likely to develop blood clots in their limbs or even in their lungs than those who watch it infrequently. “Watching TV is not bad in itself, but because we immediately have a snack and sit in one place for a long time,” explains Mary Cushman from the University of Vermont (USA). A daily half-hour walk instead of TV can reduce the risks. But if you can’t take your eyes off the screen, you can get on the treadmill right in front of it, advises Cushman.

Regular TV viewers are 1.7 times more likely to develop venous thromboembolism than those who rarely watch TV

Psychiatry

Forget the excess

Photo: Cultura RF / Callista Images/ DIOMEDIA

If the brain remembers too much, obsessive thoughts, increased anxiety and even schizophrenia can appear. Why the brain sometimes can not forget too much, unraveled at the University of Cambridge (UK). They invited volunteers to play the computer: press the left or right button of the remote control, depending on the color of the figures on the screen. When it came to automatism, the rules changed: the sound signal forbade pressing the buttons. Most relearned, but some, hearing the signal, continued to press the remote control. After studying the work of their brains, scientists have identified in the main memory center — the hippocampus — a lack of gamma-aminobutyric acid. This substance is used by inhibitory neurons to turn off the activity of neural circuits. The discovery could lead to a cure for schizophrenia.

Dietetics

Mushrooms against radicals

Photo: Westend61 RF / Westend61/DIOMEDIA

Mushrooms are rich in antioxidants, found at Pennsylvania State University (USA). For example, white mushroom contains two of them: ergothioneine and glutathione. These substances are present in a small amount in the human body: they neutralize the action of dangerous free radicals that accumulate in tissues, damage the structure of proteins and destroy cells — that is, they “wear out” the body. This can lead to serious problems up to cancer or Alzheimer’s disease. Scientists tested different products and found that ergothioneine and glutathione are the most in mushrooms. They are even in champignons, however, there are very few of them. Boletus is the richest in antioxidants. Study author Robert Bilman emphasizes that mushroom antioxidants are heat-resistant, so cooking mushrooms does not lead to loss of nutrients.

Gerontology

Wave of Attention

The earlier attention and memory disorders are noticed in the elderly, the easier it is to slow down brain aging. But traditional tests in the diagnosis of mild disorders do not help. Another thing is checking the bioelectrical activity of the brain, researchers at the Northern (Arctic) Federal University (Russia) decided and conducted an experiment with volunteers over 60 years old, half of whom were diagnosed with mild disorders. The researchers proposed comparing animal images with captions and determining if the names are correct by measuring bioelectrical parameters. The head of the study, Irina Deryabina, was interested in the amplitude of the P-300 wave associated with decision making. It turned out that even small cognitive impairments noticeably change it. Deryabina recommends the technique for all people over 50 years old.

Technologies

Tear button

Insert two electrodes into the nostrils, press the button and tears are guaranteed. Just do not think that this is torture: this is how dry eye syndrome is treated. Moreover, the effectiveness and safety of the new TrueTear gadget was confirmed by a study by the Eye Institute in Cincinnati (USA).

Dry eye syndrome is a common problem that can damage the cornea. Usually it is solved with the help of drops, similar in composition to a human tear. But the effect of such treatment is short-lived. The TrueTear electrical device stimulates the nerve endings, causing the glands to produce their own tears. And it does it just as reliably as a finely chopped onion. 97 volunteers with dry eye syndrome used the device for six months. Their tear fluid contained all the necessary elements, including oils and proteins that protect the eye.

Oncology

Melanin for melanoma

Modern cancer vaccines «train» the immune system to better recognize a malignant tumor. But usually the effect is small. Biologists from the University of North Carolina (USA) decided to enhance it with melanin (a special pigment that is produced under the influence of the sun). This pigment is able to transform 99.9 percent of absorbed sunlight into heat. The scientists injected microneedles containing a solution of a skin tumor (melanoma) and melanin into the skin of sick mice. And illuminated with infrared rays. Melanin strongly heated the injection site, activating immune cells. In 87 percent of the rodents, the tumor simply disappeared. They lived noticeably longer than the control group. Mice that were vaccinated without illumination did not improve: in 16 percent, the tumor grew more slowly, but survival did not improve.

Poll

Not yet a doctor

Residency graduates are poorly prepared, according to 77 percent of experienced Russian doctors. But the situation can be changed. To do this, it is necessary, firstly, to involve students in practical activities (as 76 percent of respondents answered), and secondly, to improve the material and technical base of universities (47). When young doctors get crusts, they should also work as a trainee doctor, 60 percent of practitioners are sure. So, you see, by the age of 40 they will reach the rank of doctors. Here is how experienced doctors answered (there could be several answers) to the question: «What prevents the production of qualified doctors?»:

Large volume of paper work for residents — 72%

Lack of access to practice — 70%

Lack of time for teachers — 62%

Source: Foundation ONF

90,000 GLATION

Advantages

stress, smoking, bad ecology, alcohol, radiation, surgical interventions and antibiotics violate the biochemistry of the body, undermine the immune system. There is an excess of free radicals that damage cells and cause their death, disrupt metabolism and energy. Glutathione is a complex of three amino acids that neutralizes free radicals. After reaching the age of 20, its amount in the body decreases by 1% annually, which is the main reason for rapid aging and the development of systemic diseases.

Price

Glutathione dropper 2 ml in 1 ampoule RUB 2,700
Dripper installation RUB 1,600
  • Droppers are the only truly effective way to get glutathione.
  • Natural substance.
  • Fights free radicals.
  • Has a powerful antioxidant effect.
  • Enhances the antioxidant effect of vitamin C.
  • Protects every cell in our body.
  • Effective against a wide range of diseases and disorders.
  • Improves the immune system.
  • Protects liver cells from the breakdown products of alcohol and antibiotics.
  • Returns the feeling of lightness and strength.
  • Normalize sleep.
  • It has a general rejuvenating effect not only on the skin, but also on the body as a whole.
  • Slows down the rate of aging.
  • Slows down the development of chronic diseases.
  • Promotes the breakdown of fats.
  • Improves skin tone.
  • The most powerful anti-cancer factor.
  • Accelerates wound healing and recovery after surgical interventions.
  • Author’s complex programs of detoxification and rejuvenation.

Indications

  • Hyperpigmentation.
  • Manifestations of age.
  • Recovery after taking antibiotics.
  • Recovery from COVID-19
  • Reduced immunity.
  • Smoking.
  • Alcohol abuse.
  • Poisoning, radioactive and other types of toxic effects.
  • Weakness and fatigue.
  • Menopause.
  • Diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2.
  • Chronic stress.
  • Atherosclerosis.
  • Insomnia.
  • Decreased performance.
  • Congenital or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
  • Overweight.
  • Violation of potency.
  • Cancer predisposition.
  • Inflammatory diseases of the liver.
  • Dermatitis and eczema.
  • Vegetovascular dystonia.
  • Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease.
  • Decreased emotional background, depression.
  • Autoimmune diseases — lupus, scleroderma, vasculitis, rheumatism, vitiligo.

Information

Types of procedures

Infusion therapy.

Features of preparation for the procedure

Consultation with a specialist to identify contraindications.

Treatment duration

30 to 40 minutes.

Anesthesia

Does not require anesthesia.

Rehabilitation

Not required.

Duration of effect

A pronounced and stable result is achieved after passing the recommended course of procedures. The duration of the effect is individual.

Contraindications

  • Uncompensated diabetes mellitus.
  • Oncology at any stage.
  • Decompensation of the function of internal organs.
  • Hemophilia.
  • Fever.
  • Pregnancy and lactation.
  • Renal failure.
  • Excessive UV exposure.

pharmacodynamic rationale for use in COVID-19.

Glutathione is a linear tripeptide with a sulfhydryl group composed of L-glutamine, L-cysteine ​​and glycine. It plays an important role in protecting the cells of the body, being a strong antioxidant. In the human body, a lack of glutathione leads to many diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, type I tyrosinemia, alcohol poisoning, and others. Experiments in vivo and in vitro have shown that a lack of glutathione can lead to mitochondrial damage and cell death caused by an increase in toxic oxygen species, leading to an increase in free radicals.

Glutathione is able to prevent cell damage by binding to toxic substances and/or their metabolites. Neutralization of xenobiotics with glutathione can be carried out in three different ways: by conjugation of the substrate with glutathione, by nucleophilic substitution, and by reduction of organic peroxides to alcohols.

The glutathione detoxification system plays a unique role in the formation of the body’s resistance to various influences and is the most important defense mechanism of the cell. During the biotransformation of some xenobiotics with the participation of glutathione, thioesters are formed, which are then converted into mercaptans, among which toxic products have been found. But conjugates of glutathione with most xenobiotics are less reactive and more hydrophilic than the original substances, and therefore less toxic and easier to excrete from the body.

Glutathione binds a huge amount of lipophilic compounds (physical neutralization), preventing their penetration into the lipid layer of membranes and disruption of cell functions. Thus, glutathione improves the stability of the cell membrane, protects the membrane of liver cells, increases the activity of enzymes and the liver and promotes detoxification and regenerative activity liver by destroying free radicals.

As experience shows — the introduction of the drug Glation in the complex therapy of severe forms of COVID-19allows minimizing the risk of developing life-threatening complications by restoring the effective functioning of the body’s internal defense systems (immune, detoxifying, excretory and other systems for maintaining and eliminating homeostasis disorders), the full-fledged work of which predetermines a quick recovery and a relatively mild course of COVID-19.

The higher rate of serious illness and death from the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) among the elderly and those with underlying health conditions suggests that the biological processes associated with age and disease make these people more susceptible to risk factors. environmental stress, including infectious agents like the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. In particular, disruption of redox homeostasis and associated oxidative stress(4,6,8) appear to be important biological processes that may explain increased individual susceptibility to various environmental stimuli. Failure of internal defense systems to reach their potential leads to the development of a severe form of COVID-19and is the result of a combination of a number of negative components that mutually reinforce each other. Thus, the high toxic load caused by the virus is summed up and enhances the negative changes in the internal defense systems caused by the disease (obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, oncology, etc.) and side effects of the patient’s pharmacotherapy. This combination results in organ and systemic functional disorders, immunoendocrine dysregulatory disorders, cellular dysfunctions leading to metabolic changes associated with a negative effect on the regulation of cellular, organ and systemic processes, which ultimately predetermines the formation of many vicious circles that create an environment that distorts the action of natural bioregulators, pharmacological activity of drugs.

Several studies show that higher levels of glutathione may improve an individual’s response to viral infections. In particular, glutathione is known to protect host immune cells through its antioxidant mechanism and is also responsible for the optimal functioning of many cells that are part of the immune system. Importantly, there is evidence that glutathione inhibits the replication of various viruses at different stages of the viral life cycle, and this antiviral property of GSH appears to prevent an increase in viral load and subsequent massive release of inflammatory cells. into the lung («cytokine storm»).

The antiviral activity of glutathione was demonstrated in a study by De Flora et al., who showed that prophylactic administration of N-acetylcysteine ​​(NAC,
glutathione precursor) for 6 months significantly reduces clinically apparent influenza and influenza-like episodes, especially in high-risk older adults. In addition, pathophysiological conditions such as lung cell damage and inflammation in patients with severe ARDS have been identified as targets for N-acetylcysteine ​​treatment. In particular, alveolar fluid reduced glutathione deficiency in ARDS patients has been found to increase lung cell damage due to ROS/oxidative stress and inflammation, and this damage can be effectively prevented and treated with N-acetylcysteine ​​administration. Glutathione deficiency may also contribute to increased activation of von Willebrand factor, which causes coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19.

Endogenous glutathione deficiency appears to be a critical factor in aggravating SARS-CoV-2-induced oxidative lung damage and consequently leading to serious manifestations such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, and death in patients with COVID-19. When the antiviral activity of GSH is taken into account, individuals with glutathione deficiency are more susceptible to uncontrolled replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and thus suffer from an increasing viral load. The severity of clinical manifestations in patients with COVID-19, apparently, is determined by the degree of disturbance of redox homeostasis associated with a deficiency of reduced glutathione and an increase in ROS production. Specifically, COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe disease had lower glutathione levels, higher ROS levels, and higher redox status (ROS/GSH ratio) than COVID-19 patients with mild disease. Prolonged and severe manifestations of COVID-19 infection in one of our patients with severe glutathione deficiency suggests that the degree of glutathione reduction is negatively correlated with the rate of viral replication and that an increase in viral load exacerbates oxidative damage to the lungs. This finding suggests that the virus cannot actively replicate at higher levels of cellular glutathione, and therefore milder clinical symptoms are seen at lower viral loads.

Glutathione deficiency is an acquired condition associated with decreased biosynthesis and/or increased depletion of the endogenous GSH pool, influenced by risk factors such as aging, male sex, comorbidity, and smoking alone or in combination. Glutathione deficiency in severely ill COVID-19 patients may also be the result of reduced consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits (especially during the winter and spring seasons), which accounts for more than 50% of dietary glutathione intake. The hypothesis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 only poses a risk to people with endogenous glutathione deficiency, regardless of which of the factors of aging, comorbid chronic diseases, smoking, or some other cause of this deficiency. Hypothesis Provides New Understanding of the Etiology and Mechanisms Responsible for Serious Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection, and justifies the promising possibilities for effective treatment and prevention of disease through the restoration of glutathione with N-acetylcysteine ​​and reduced glutathione.

Since the antiviral effect of glutathione is non-specific, there is reason to believe that glutathione is also active against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, restoring glutathione levels in COVID-19 patients would be a promising approach to treat the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Notably, long-term oral administration of Nacetylcysteine ​​has already been tested as an effective preventive measure against respiratory viral infections. N-acetylcysteine ​​is widely available, safe, and cheap, and can be used off-label.