Comparar los procesadores — Technical City
Top 5 procesadores
Puede ver la clasificación completa del procesador en la página de clasificación
AMD EPYC 7h22
100.00
AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 5995WX
96.49
Intel Xeon Platinum 8368
91.31
AMD EPYC 7552
90.28
AMD EPYC 7773X
88.89
Al ranking del rendimiento de los procesadores →
Top 5 procesadores a la mejor relación de precio-calidad (más de $300)
AMD Ryzen 9 5900X
100.00
AMD Ryzen 9 3900XT
97.01
Intel Core i7-12700F
90.47
AMD Ryzen 9 5900
87. 97
AMD Ryzen 9 3900X
76.43
Para el ranking de los procesadores a la mejor relación de precio-calidad (más de $300) →
Top 5 procesadores a la mejor relación de precio-calidad (hasta $300)
Intel Xeon E7-8895 v2
100.00
Intel Pentium D 820
100.00
AMD Ryzen 5 4600G
89.26
Intel Xeon E5-2650 v4
87.78
AMD Ryzen 5 5600G
87.25
Para el ranking de los procesadores a la mejor relación de precio-calidad (hasta $300) →
Top 5 procesadores en la minería de Bitcoin
Intel Xeon E5-2683 v4
207 Mh/s
Intel Xeon E5-2695 v4
162 Mh/s
Intel Xeon E5-2650 v3
161 Mh/s
Intel Xeon E5-2696 V3
150 Mh/s
Intel Core i7-6950X
105 Mh/s
Para el ranking de los procesadores en la minería de Bitcoin →
Comparaciones populares de CPUs
Estas son algunas de las comparaciones de los procesadores más populares de los últimos tiempos.
Core i5
1135G7
vs
Ryzen 5
5500U
Ryzen 5
5600X
vs
Core i5
12400F
Ryzen 5
5600X
vs
Ryzen 5
5600G
Ryzen 7
5800H
vs
Core i7
11800H
Ryzen 5
5600H
vs
Core i5
11400H
Core i5
10400F
vs
Core i5
11400F
Populares procesadores
Estos procesadores son los que más llaman la atención en los últimos meses.
Ryzen 5
5500U
Core i3
1115G4
Core i5
1135G7
EPYC
7h22
Ryzen Threadripper
PRO 5995WX
Ryzen 3
3250U
Comparación y ranking de CPUs | Comparar procesadores
Apple M1 Ultra
100puntos
8,523 EUR
AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3990X
94puntos
7,628 EUR
AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro 3995WX
90puntos
AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro 5995WX
88puntos
3,042 EUR
AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X
82puntos
706 EUR
Intel Core i9-12900K
79puntos
Intel Core i7-12700H
78puntos
4,033 EUR
AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro 3975WX
77puntos
585 EUR
AMD Ryzen 9 5950X
77puntos
628 EUR
Intel Core i9-12900
77puntos
480 EUR
Intel Core i7-12700K
77puntos
Intel Core i9-12900H
76puntos
Intel Core i7-1260P
75puntos
AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro 5975WX
74puntos
354 EUR
Intel Core i5-12600K
74puntos
Apple M1 Max
74puntos
2,201 EUR
AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3960X
74puntos
Apple M2
73puntos
Intel Core i7-1280P
73puntos
Intel Core i5-12600H
72puntos
Intel Core i9-12900T
72puntos
674 EUR
AMD Ryzen 9 3950X
72puntos
AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro 5965WX
72puntos
Intel Core i5-1250P
72puntos
Intel Core i7-12800H
72puntos
423 EUR
Intel Core i7-12700
72puntos
Intel Core i7-1270P
71puntos
Intel Core i7-12650H
71puntos
Intel Core i7-1255U
71puntos
Intel Core i9-12900HX
71puntos
Intel Core i5-1240P
71puntos
Intel Xeon W-11955M
71puntos
Intel Core i7-1265U
71puntos
Intel Core i7-12850HX
70puntos
Intel Core i7-11700B
70puntos
Intel Core i5-1245U
70puntos
Intel Core i3-1220P
70puntos
Intel Core i5-12450H
70puntos
Intel Core i5-12600HX
70puntos
Intel Core i9-12950HX
69puntos
Intel Core i5-1235U
69puntos
1,307 EUR
Intel Core i9-10980XE
69puntos
Intel Core i5-12500H
69puntos
Intel Core i7-1260U
69puntos
Intel Core i3-1210U
69puntos
455 EUR
AMD Ryzen 9 3900X
69puntos
Intel Core i7-10875H
69puntos
Intel Xeon W-11855M
69puntos
435 EUR
Intel Core i9-10900K
69puntos
Apple M1
69puntos
Intel Core i3-1215U
68puntos
Intel Core i5-1240U
68puntos
AMD Ryzen Threadripper 2970WX
68puntos
AMD Ryzen Threadripper 2950X
68puntos
Intel Core i7-12800HX
68puntos
396 EUR
Intel Core i9-11900K
67puntos
861 EUR
Intel Core i9-9900KS
67puntos
Intel Core i9-11950H
67puntos
584 EUR
Intel Core i9-9900K
67puntos
Intel Pentium Gold 8505
67puntos
Intel Core i7-12700T
67puntos
Intel Core i9-11900KB
67puntos
Intel Core i5-11500B
66puntos
Intel Core i9-11980HK
66puntos
Intel Core i7-11850H
66puntos
Intel Core i5-1230U
66puntos
AMD Ryzen 9 5900HX
66puntos
Intel Core i9-11900H
66puntos
AMD Ryzen 7 Pro 6860Z
66puntos
AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro 5955WX
66puntos
Intel Pentium Gold 8500
66puntos
Apple M1 Pro (10-core)
66puntos
242 EUR
Intel Core i5-12400
66puntos
349 EUR
Intel Core i7-10700K
66puntos
279 EUR
Intel Core i5-11600K
66puntos
Intel Core i7-11800H
66puntos
Intel Core i7-1250U
65puntos
Intel Core i7-8086K
65puntos
293 EUR
Intel Core i5-12500
65puntos
AMD Ryzen 9 3900
65puntos
Intel Core i3-11100B
65puntos
Intel Core i5-12450HX
65puntos
AMD Ryzen 9 6900HX
65puntos
286 EUR
Intel Core i5-10600K
65puntos
Intel Core i7-11600H
65puntos
Intel Core i9-9980HK
64puntos
320 EUR
AMD Ryzen 7 3700X
64puntos
Intel Core i9-10980HK
64puntos
AMD Ryzen 7 4800U
64puntos
Intel Core i9-9980XE
64puntos
439 EUR
AMD Ryzen 9 5900X
64puntos
Intel Core i7-12650HX
64puntos
Intel Core i7-9700K
64puntos
Intel Core i7-1185G7
64puntos
Intel Core i5-11500H
64puntos
Intel Core i9-9900
63puntos
Intel Core i9-10885H
63puntos
1,482 EUR
AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro 3955WX
63puntos
Intel Core i9-9960X
63puntos
AMD Ryzen 9 4900H
63puntos
Compara procesadores — AskGeek.
io
Intel
Xeon Platinum 8170
vs
Intel
Xeon Gold 6154
Intel
Xeon Platinum 8170
vs
Intel
Xeon Gold 6142
Intel
Xeon Platinum 8170
vs
Intel
Xeon Gold 6146
Intel
Xeon Platinum 8170
vs
AMD
EPYC 7643
Intel
Xeon Platinum 8170
vs
AMD
EPYC 7763
Intel
Xeon Platinum 8170
vs
AMD
EPYC 7543
Intel
Xeon Gold 6142
vs
Intel
Xeon Gold 6154
Intel
Xeon Gold 6142
vs
Intel
Xeon Gold 6146
Intel
Xeon Gold 6142
vs
AMD
EPYC 7643
Intel
Xeon Gold 6142
vs
AMD
EPYC 7763
AMD
EPYC 7643
vs
Intel
Xeon Gold 6154
AMD
EPYC 7643
vs
Intel
Xeon Gold 6146
AMD
EPYC 7643
vs
AMD
EPYC 7763
AMD
EPYC 7643
vs
AMD
EPYC 7543
AMD
EPYC 7643
vs
Intel
Xeon Platinum 8380
AMD
EPYC 7643
vs
AMD
EPYC 74F3
AMD
EPYC 7763
vs
Intel
Xeon Gold 6154
AMD
EPYC 7763
vs
Intel
Xeon Gold 6146
AMD
EPYC 7763
vs
AMD
EPYC 7513
AMD
EPYC 7763
vs
AMD
EPYC 7543
Procesadores
▷ Comparar procesadores Intel y AMD fácilmente 2022
Comparar procesadores Intel y AMD no es un proceso inmediato, ya que las diferencias en la arquitectura interna nos impiden fiarnos de características técnicas como la frecuencia o la memoria caché. En este artículo, analizaremos de qué manera se pueden comparar procesadores de distinta arquitectura y conocer su rendimiento.
Índice de contenidos
Por qué no se puede comparar procesadores Intel y AMD directamente
Los procesadores cuentan con una serie de características técnicas que son fáciles de cuantificar y entender. Estas son algunas de ellas:
- Frecuencia de reloj. Define la rapidez del procesador en cuanto a la cantidad de ciclos de reloj que ejecuta por segundo. Se mide en GHz.
- Número de núcleos e hilos. El núcleo de un procesador consiste en una “multiplicación” de los componentes de cálculo del procesador. Tener varios núcleos permite que se hagan varias cosas a la vez, de forma paralela. Además, los hilos consisten en doblar el número de núcleos pero solo de manera lógica, no añade paralelismo pero sí concurrencia ya que aprovechamos el tiempo en el que el núcleo no está haciendo nada. En otras palabras, cuantos más núcleos, más potencia y más que hacer a la vez.
- Memoria caché. La caché es un tipo de memoria que se coloca en el procesador y que es extremadamente rápida. Como las memorias más rápidas son también más caras, hay 3 niveles (L1, L2, L3): la caché L1 tiene muy poca capacidad (unos cuantos KB) pero está justo en los núcleos y es la más rápida de todas. En la caché se guarda información a la que se va a acceder múltiples veces, por lo que aumenta muchísimo el rendimiento.
- TDP. El Thermal Design Power es una forma de aproximar el consumo energético medio del procesador cuando está en carga, aunque no representa el consumo máximo de la CPU.
Por desgracia, estas características no se pueden comparar directamente entre procesadores de distintas compañías. Los procesadores de AMD e Intel comparten muchas cosas, ambos funcionan con el set de instrucciones x86-64, pero internamente están construidos con microarquitecturas totalmente distintas.
Interior de un núcleo de un procesador con microarquitectura AMD Zen 2
Las diferencias en microarquitectura son abismales, y hay dos motivos principales que hacen distinta la comparación:
- Diferencias de rapidez de cada parte interna de la CPU. En cada ciclo, una arquitectura de procesador Intel puede ser más rápida que AMD al realizar cierta operación concreta, o al revés. O incluso una puede ser más rápida que otra en todo. Entonces, comparar la frecuencia o el número de núcleos deja de tener sentido.
- En concreto, hablamos de IPC de un procesador cuando nos referimos a las instrucciones que puede ejecutar en un solo ciclo de reloj. Esto varía también según el tipo de instrucción.
- Complejidad interna de operaciones soportadas. Cada CPU tiene por dentro distintas partes dedicadas a tipos de cálculos concretos (escalar, vectorial, etc), y no son 100% iguales en procesadores Intel y AMD.
Interior de un procesador (Ryzen 5 2600). Elaboración propia en base a la imagen de Fritzchens Fritz
Cada arquitectura de procesador debe entenderse como un todo, y no nos es posible afirmar que una CPU es mejor que otra en base a sus especificaciones técnicas. Ni siquiera con el número de núcleos o la memoria caché.
En estos momentos, Intel y AMD están en una situación bastante igualada, porque ambas producen CPU excelentes. No obstante, hay diferencias de peso. Por ejemplo, actualmente las CPU Intel de última generación tienen núcleos híbridos, es decir, las CPU tienen un grupo de núcleos muy potentes y otro destinado a la eficiencia energética. En cambio, los núcleos de AMD son iguales.
Hace unos años (antes de 2017), Intel estaba por delante de AMD en la mayoría de los casos. Esto nos lleva a un ejemplo muy bueno de por qué comparar procesadores Intel y AMD no es tan sencillo: AMD tenía el FX-9590, con 8 núcleos y hasta 5GHz de frecuencia, e Intel tenía el i7-4790K, de 4 núcleos y hasta 4. 4GHz. La CPU de Intel era claramente superior en rendimiento en cualquier situación, a pesar de que las especificaciones indicaban lo contrario.
Tampoco podemos hacerlo con CPU de la misma compañía, ¿o sí?
Ya hemos visto que no podemos comparar directamente las especificaciones de un procesador Intel y AMD pero, ¿qué ocurre cuando es una CPU de la misma compañía?
En este caso, todo también depende de la arquitectura del procesador. Sin embargo, los procesadores de la misma generación (por ejemplo, AMD Ryzen 7000 o Intel de 12ª generación) suelen usar exactamente la misma arquitectura. En ese caso, la comparación de especificaciones es posible y nos ayuda a entender el rendimiento de cada CPU.
También hay que tener en cuenta que algunas microarquitecturas son muy similares entre sí, ya que simplemente son evoluciones de una arquitectura común. Por ejemplo, las CPU Ryzen son ligeramente comparables porque usan distintas versiones de la arquitectura Zen.
Rendimiento mononúcleo vs multinúcleo
Antes de enseñarte cómo comparar procesadores Intel y AMD de manera efectiva, debemos tener en cuenta que hay dos maneras principales de medir su rendimiento.
Por una parte, tenemos las pruebas de rendimiento mononúcleo. Aquí, estaremos analizando qué capacidades tiene la CPU usando tan solo uno de sus núcleos. Esto es útil porque nos permite saber de forma aproximada si el IPC es bueno, y porque hay aplicaciones que solo aprovechan un núcleo, así que no se verán beneficiadas por el rendimiento multinúcleo.
Análogamente, el rendimiento multinúcleo se testea con varios núcleos de la CPU trabajando en paralelo (generalmente, todos los que tenga el procesador). Es también muy importante, ya que el escalado del rendimiento de 1 a varios núcleos no es el mismo en todos los procesadores.
Cómo comparar procesadores Intel y AMD
Es el momento de ver qué métodos tenemos para comparar procesadores Intel y AMD totalmente diferentes. La clave está en el uso de benchmarks.
Un benchmark es una prueba que se realiza en la máxima igualdad de condiciones posible, de forma que siempre que se hace ejecuta exactamente las mismas tareas. Así, se compara una variable como el tiempo de realización para poder clasificar CPU completamente diferentes.
Por supuesto, el problema de los benchmark está en que siempre tienen un sesgo. Aunque normalmente intentan ser lo más equilibrados, que una CPU supere a otra en un benchmark no es garantía automática de que sea mejor. Por eso, debemos comparar varios benchmarks distintos e interpretar los resultados.
¿Y de dónde sacamos los benchmarks? Fácil: de reviews de procesadores como las de nuestra web. Por ejemplo, un ejemplo es la Review del Intel Core i7-12700K. La usaremos de referencia en esta guía.
Ten en cuenta también que hay dos formas de presentar los puntos o resultados de un benchmark: Más es mejor y Menos es mejor. Por ejemplo, si se expresa el tiempo en segundos que tarda en hacer la prueba, querríamos el menor posible. Pero si es una “puntuación”, buscaríamos la máxima siempre.
Comparar procesadores con benchmark sintéticos
Los benchmarks sintéticos son pruebas en las que no se realiza ninguna tarea “útil”, sino que están pensadas exclusivamente para comparar CPUs de la manera más equilibrada posible. Lo bueno es que suelen ser muy buenas para hacer comparaciones, pero pueden estar algo desligadas del rendimiento en aplicaciones reales.
En nuestras pruebas, usamos los siguientes:
- Prueba de RAM de AIDA64. Con esto compararemos cómo de bueno es el controlador de memoria de los procesadores, al medir la latencia de acceso a memoria y la velocidad de lectura/escritura de la RAM.
- Cinebench. Este es uno de los benchmarks por excelencia para comparar el rendimiento mononúcleo y multinúcleo de procesadores. Se acerca bastante a un benchmark real, porque consiste básicamente en renderizar un modelo concreto del software Cinema 4D, que es uno de los más utilizados en diseño 3D. Hay que distinguir la versión R15, R20 y R23
- 3DMark. Esta prueba es de UL, una de las compañías líderes mundiales en certificaciones y estándares. 3DMark nos da una idea del rendimiento en juegos del procesador, siempre y cuando cada CPU se testee con la misma tarjeta gráfica.
- Otra prueba de UL, en este caso centrada en el rendimiento para jugar en realidad virtual.
- También de UL, es una prueba muy interesante para procesadores ya que intenta simular la realización de tareas reales en el ordenador como navegar en Internet, videoconferencias, etc.
- WPrime. Este es quizás el ejemplo más representativo de lo que es una prueba sintética. El programa simplemente realiza cálculos sobre el llamado método de Newton, y debemos comparar el tiempo que tarda.
También tenemos Blender, aunque quizás deberíamos caracterizarlo como prueba de rendimiento real.
Comparar procesadores con pruebas de rendimiento reales
Además de las pruebas sintéticas, también podemos utilizar programas reales como si fuesen pruebas de rendimiento. Aquí, corremos dos riesgos:
- El riesgo de cometer un error a la hora de hacer las pruebas y que no sean 100% iguales. Por ejemplo, si tenemos que realizar una secuencia de actividades manualmente.
- Además, los programas reales suelen tener algún limitante o sesgo que beneficiará a un fabricante de procesadores.
Estas pruebas son ideales si vas a usar el procesador para ese programa en concreto, y esto incluye los juegos. En Profesional Review, hacemos siempre el renderizado con Blender, de una figura de un robot, para comparar.
Además, tenemos como Benchmark real las pruebas a fondo en juegos, con los FPS Medios en varios juegos actuales.
Comparar procesadores “a ojo”
En base a los resultados de los benchmarks, y con un poco de experiencia, es posible llegar a ser capaz de comparar las características de los procesadores a ojo, especialmente si hablamos de comparar procesadores de la misma familia. Sin embargo, lo más fiable siempre será revisar a fondo los benchmarks.
Conclusiones
Ejemplos de benchmark para comparar procesadores y cómo elegir un procesador
Comparar procesadores sería una tarea increíblemente sencilla si simplemente pudiésemos revisar sus especificaciones técnicas, como la frecuencia de reloj, el número de núcleos o la memoria caché.
Sin embargo, esto no se puede hacer cuando estamos ante CPU con microarquitecturas distintas. Por tanto, no podemos comparar directamente procesadores AMD e Intel, y tampoco deberíamos hacerlo con CPU de la misma marca salvo que pertenezcan a la misma generación y arquitectura.
Te recomendamos la lectura de los mejores procesadores del mercado.
Sin embargo, como alternativa para comparar procesadores siempre nos quedan las pruebas de rendimiento o benchmarks, donde hay demasiadas cuestiones que influyen y muchos sesgos, por lo que no son un método infalible, pero sí suficiente para poder estimar qué CPU es mejor. Distinguimos dos tipos de pruebas:
- Benchmarks sintéticos. Programas pensados única y exclusivamente para medir el rendimiento de procesadores. Suelen ser equilibrados (o estresar solo una parte específica de la CPU) y son muy buenos para hacer comparaciones, aunque no se tiene por qué traducir a la vida real.
- Benchmarks “reales”. Se trata de probar programas que no están pensados para ser benchmarks pero con los que podemos medir el rendimiento, como por ejemplo los
Te recomendamos que aproveches nuestras reviews de los mejores procesadores del mercado para encontrar resultados de benchmark claros y fiables. ¡Esperamos que este artículo te haya resultado de ayuda!
Comparativa de Procesadores 2022 (Portátiles)
Procesadores de Portátiles
¿No sabes qué Ordenador Portátil comprar? Uno de los factores más importantes para elegir qué Portátil comprar, es el procesador. Con esta comparativa de procesadores de 2022 (Actualizado en Enero de 2022), esperamos ayudarte a elegir.
Hemos incluido tanto procesadores de gama baja, como los AMD E2 y los Intel Celeron, hasta procesadores para los más exigentes, incluyendo los AMD Ryzen y los procesadores i7 e i9 de Intel. A medida que salgan más procesadores en 2022, iremos incluyendo y ampliando la comparativa de procesadores.
Es importante saber el rendimiento de los procesadores, para poder hacer la mejor elección a la hora de comprar un portátil.
En la primera Columna verás el nombre del procesador, y el la segunda columna, una puntuación. Esa puntuación nos servirá sólamente para comparar unos procesadores de portátil, con otros, y saber, en términos generales, cuál tiene la mejor relación precios-prestaciones.
Nombre del Procesador | Puntuación |
AMD Ryzen 9 5900X | 39424 |
AMD Ryzen 7 4800H | 19180 |
Intel Core i9-9900K @ 3.60GHz | 18855 |
Intel Core i9-10980HK @ 2.40GHz | 16594 |
Intel Core i7-10870H @ 2.20GHz | 16373 |
Intel Core i7-10875H @ 2.30GHz | 15995 |
Intel Core i9-9980HK @ 2. 40GHz | 15170 |
AMD Ryzen 5 4600H | 14852 |
Intel Core i7-9700K @ 3.60GHz | 14560 |
Intel Core i9-9880H @ 2.30GHz | 14067 |
Intel Core i7-8700 @ 3.20GHz | 13097 |
Intel Core i7-10750H @ 2.60GHz | 12628 |
Intel Core i7-9850H @ 2.60GHz | 11734 |
Intel Core i7-1185G7 @ 3.00GHz | 11448 |
Intel Core i7-9750H @ 2.60GHz | 11347 |
AMD Ryzen 5 4500U | 11272 |
Intel Xeon E-2176M @ 2. 70GHz | 10994 |
Intel Core i9-8950HK @ 2.90GHz | 10626 |
Intel Core i7-1165G7 @ 2.80GHz | 10489 |
Intel Core i7-8850H @ 2.60GHz | 10483 |
Intel Core i7-8750H @ 2.20GHz | 10216 |
Intel Core i7-10710U @ 1.10GHz | 10085 |
Intel Core i5-1135G7 @ 2.40GHz | 9592 |
Intel Core i7-1065G7 @ 1.30GHz | 8971 |
Intel Core i5-10300H @ 2. 50GHz | 8851 |
AMD Ryzen 7 3750H | 8417 |
Intel Core i5-1035G4 @ 1.10GHz | 8387 |
Intel Core i5-1035G7 @ 1.20GHz | 8365 |
AMD Ryzen 5 3550H | 8124 |
Intel Core i5-8400H @ 2.50GHz | 8116 |
AMD Ryzen 5 3580U | 8065 |
Intel Core i5-1035G1 @ 1.00GHz | 8010 |
AMD Ryzen 3 4300U | 7950 |
Intel Core i5-9300H @ 2. 40GHz | 7936 |
Intel Core i7-7820HK @ 2.90GHz | 7869 |
Intel Core i5-8300H @ 2.30GHz | 7562 |
AMD Ryzen 7 3700U | 7382 |
AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 3700U | 7382 |
Intel Core i7-7820HQ @ 2.90GHz | 7284 |
Intel Core i7-10610U @ 1.80GHz | 7265 |
AMD Ryzen 7 2700U | 7176 |
Intel Core i5-8305G @ 2.80GHz | 7073 |
Intel Core i7-7700HQ @ 2. 80GHz | 6990 |
Intel Core i7-10510U @ 1.80GHz | 6986 |
Intel Core i5-10310U @ 1.70GHz | 6948 |
AMD Ryzen 5 3500U | 6921 |
Intel Core i7-6820HQ @ 2.70GHz | 6912 |
AMD Ryzen 5 2500U | 6659 |
Intel Core i7-8665U @ 1.90GHz | 6606 |
Intel Core i7-8650U @ 1.90GHz | 6567 |
Intel Core i5-10210U @ 1.60GHz | 6524 |
Intel Core i7-6700HQ @ 2. 60GHz | 6516 |
AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 2500U | 6491 |
Intel Core i3-1115G4 @ 3.00GHz | 6422 |
Intel Core i7-8565U @ 1.80GHz | 6412 |
Intel Core i5-8350U @ 1.70GHz | 6392 |
Intel Core i5-8365U @ 1.60GHz | 6392 |
Intel Core i5-8265U @ 1.60GHz | 6199 |
AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 2300U | 6073 |
Intel Core i5-8250U @ 1.60GHz | 6041 |
Intel Core i7-8550U @ 1. 80GHz | 5993 |
Intel Core i3-1005G1 @ 1.20GHz | 5251 |
Intel Core i5-7300HQ @ 2.50GHz | 5111 |
Intel Core i5-6300HQ @ 2.30GHz | 4657 |
AMD Ryzen 3 3250U | 4255 |
Intel Core i3-10110U @ 2.10GHz | 4099 |
AMD Ryzen 3 3200U | 4076 |
Intel Core i3-8145U @ 2.10GHz | 3786 |
Intel Core i5-7300U @ 2.60GHz | 3703 |
Intel Core i7-7500U @ 2. 70GHz | 3679 |
Intel Core i7-7600U @ 2.80GHz | 3672 |
AMD Ryzen 3 2200U | 3672 |
Intel Core i3-8130U @ 2.20GHz | 3666 |
Intel Core i7-6600U @ 2.60GHz | 3536 |
Intel Core i5-7200U @ 2.50GHz | 3398 |
Intel Core i7-6500U @ 2.50GHz | 3293 |
Intel Core i5-6300U @ 2.40GHz | 3270 |
AMD Athlon Silver 3050U | 3211 |
Intel Core i5-6260U @ 1. 80GHz | 3069 |
Intel Core i7-8500Y @ 1.50GHz | 3058 |
Intel Core i5-6200U @ 2.30GHz | 3030 |
i5 4300M | 2986 |
Intel Core i3-7130U @ 2.70GHz | 2950 |
Intel Core i5-7Y54 @ 1.20GHz | 2891 |
Intel Core i7-7Y75 @ 1.30GHz | 2723 |
Intel Core i3-7100U @ 2.40GHz | 2715 |
AMD A12-9720P | 2666 |
AMD 3020E | 2659 |
Intel Core m3-7Y30 @ 1. 00GHz | 2656 |
Intel Core i3-6100U @ 2.30GHz | 2626 |
AMD A10-9620P | 2613 |
Intel Core i3-7020U @ 2.30GHz | 2571 |
Intel Core i5-5200U @ 2.20GHz | 2510 |
Intel Celeron N4120 @ 1.10GHz | 2482 |
Intel Celeron N4100 @ 1.10GHz | 2468 |
Intel Core m5-6Y57 @ 1.10GHz | 2332 |
Intel Core i3-6006U @ 2.00GHz | 2301 |
AMD A10-9600P | 2234 |
Intel Pentium 4417U @ 2. 30GHz | 2229 |
Intel Celeron G3900 @ 2.80GHz | 2220 |
Intel Core m7-6Y75 @ 1.20GHz | 2214 |
Intel Pentium 4415U @ 2.30GHz | 2185 |
Intel Pentium N4200 @ 1.10GHz | 2125 |
Intel Core i3-5010U @ 2.10GHz | 2100 |
Intel Core i3-5005U @ 2.00GHz | 2036 |
Intel Core m5-6Y54 @ 1.10GHz | 2013 |
Intel Celeron N3450 @ 1.10GHz | 1946 |
Intel Core M-5Y51 @ 1. 10GHz | 1821 |
Intel Core m3-6Y30 @ 0.90GHz | 1759 |
AMD A6-7310 APU | 1707 |
Intel Core i3-4005U @ 1.70GHz | 1656 |
Intel Celeron N4020 @ 1.10GHz | 1618 |
AMD A9-9425 | 1581 |
AMD A9-9420 | 1578 |
AMD A9-9410 | 1509 |
Intel Celeron N4000 @ 1.10GHz | 1481 |
Intel Celeron 3867U @ 1. 80GHz | 1455 |
5205U | 1421 |
AMD A6-9220 | 1397 |
AMD A6-9225 | 1323 |
AMD A4-9125 | 1270 |
Intel Celeron 3865U @ 1.80GHz | 1250 |
Intel Celeron 3855U @ 1.60GHz | 1199 |
Intel Atom x5-Z8550 @ 1.44GHz | 1171 |
AMD E2-6110 APU | 1152 |
Intel Celeron N3350 @ 1. 10GHz | 1126 |
AMD A4-9120C | 937 |
Intel Atom x5-Z8350 @ 1.44GHz | 913 |
AMD E2-9000e | 815 |
Intel Atom x5-Z8300 @ 1.44GHz | 811 |
Intel Celeron N3060 @ 1.60GHz | 677 |
AMD E1-6010 APU | 517 |
Si echas de menos algún procesador de Portátil en la comparativa, no dudes en contactar con nosotros, lo incluiremos con mucho gusto.
Te ponemos algunos enlaces de portátiles que pueden ser interesantes:
Los Mejores Portátiles i3 de 2022
Los Mejores Portátiles i5 de 2022
Los Mejores Portátiles i7 de 2022
Los Mejores Portátiles Ryzen de 2022
Los Mejores Portátiles Gaming de 2022
Comparar los procesadores de sonido Nucleus®
Lo que encontrará en esta página
- Entienda la diferencia entre los procesadores de sonido detrás de la oreja y fuera de la oreja.
- Conozca los diferentes procesadores de sonido de la cartera Nucleus®.
Tipo de procesador de sonido |
||
Procesador de sonido Nucleus® 7 |
Procesador de sonido Nucleus® Kanso® 2 |
|
Detrás de la oreja |
|
|
Procesador de sonido que se lleva detrás de la oreja y tiene una pequeña bobina que se sujeta a la cabeza con un imán. El procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 de Cochlear es nuestro procesador de sonido de uso detrás de la oreja más avanzado que ofrece nuestras innovadoras tecnologías, como SmartSound® iQ* con SCAN, la exclusiva tecnología True Wireless™ y compatibilidad con teléfonos inteligentes. ** |
||
Fuera de la oreja |
|
|
Una solución auditiva cómoda y discreta que no compromete el rendimiento auditivo. El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 se usa fuera de la oreja como una sola unidad. Cuenta con nuestra tecnología avanzada SmartSound iQ*, la tecnología exclusiva True Wireless, batería recargable incorporada, compatibilidad con teléfonos inteligentes** y una bobina en una sola unidad fácil de usar que no compromete el rendimiento auditivo. |
||
Tecnología |
||
SmartSound® iQ* con SCAN |
|
|
SmartSound iQ* es la tecnología de procesamiento de sonido más avanzada de Cochlear. combina la amplificación acústica de la audición natural que tenga después de la cirugía con la tecnología de implante coclear para proporcionarle acceso a los sonidos que se está perdiendo. El resultado puede ser una experiencia auditiva más plena. |
||
Tecnología mySmartSound™ |
|
|
La tecnología mySmartSound le permite afinar su audición en entornos auditivos del mundo real, permitiéndole ajustar los graves, los agudos y el volumen general. |
||
Micrófonos duales |
|
|
Cochlear fue la primera empresa en sacar al mercado la tecnología de micrófonos duales, que brinda un procesamiento de entrada de sonido avanzado y reduce el ruido de fondo para ayudarlo a comprender mejor el habla en entornos ruidosos. se ha desarrollado exclusivamente para los procesadores de sonido Nucleus 7 y Kanso 2. Disponible para dispositivos Apple® y Android™ compatibles**, es fácil de usar y ofrece la comodidad de controlar la audición desde su teléfono inteligente. La aplicación Nucleus Smart puede ser muy útil para los padres a fin de manejar la audición de sus hijos. | ||
Compatibilidad con teléfonos inteligentes |
Transmisión directa desde dispositivos Apple y Android compatibles.** Transmisión desde otros teléfonos inteligentes con Cochlear Wireless Phone Clip |
Transmisión directa desde dispositivos Apple y Android compatibles.** Transmisión desde otros teléfonos inteligentes con Cochlear Wireless Phone Clip |
Los procesadores de sonido Nucleus 7 y Kanso 2 son los únicos procesadores de sonido de implantación coclear que están hechos para su teléfono inteligente. Esto significa que puede transmitir su música, videos y entretenimiento preferidos, y mucho más, directamente desde su dispositivo Apple o Android compatible.** |
||
Telebobina |
Optimizada para bucles
|
Con el Cochlear Wireless Mini Microphone 2+ |
La telebobina recoge las señales electromagnéticas y las convierte en sonido. Las telebobinas le permiten conectarse a sistemas de audición de bucle para mayor comodidad en la vida cotidiana. |
||
Compatible con dispositivos True Wireless™ de Cochlear |
|
|
Los dispositivos True Wireless están diseñados para ayudarlo a oír mejor en situaciones de mucho ruido, sin necesidad de cables alrededor del cuello. Tiene la opción de conectarlo directamente al Mini Microphone 2+, al clip para teléfono o al TV Streamer. |
||
Phone Clip |
|
|
La tecnología inalámbrica Bluetooth® le permite conectarse con su teléfono inteligente compatible para transmitir llamadas o música. |
||
TV Streamer |
|
|
Con el TV Streamer, recibe sonido con calidad estéreo directamente de su televisión. Obtiene una experiencia equilibrada con el sonido del televisor transmitido a su procesador de sonido mientras sigue conectado a todo lo que lo rodea. |
||
Mini Microphone 2/2+ |
|
|
Al transmitir el habla a su procesador de sonido, el Mini Microphone 2/2+ lo ayuda a mantener conversaciones en lugares ruidosos y oír con más claridad a distancia. Por ejemplo, en la escuela, durante reuniones o al practicar deportes. |
||
Mando a distancia básico |
CR310 |
CR310 |
El pequeño mando a distaia básico cuenta con una útil pantalla para cambiar ajustes sencillos, lo que le permite manejar su audición de una forma discreta. |
||
Streaming bimodal o bilateral |
Dispositivos compatibles Apple o Android ** y True Wireless |
Dispositivos compatibles Apple o Android ** y True Wireless |
Transmitir el sonido a ambos oídos posibilita una experiencia auditiva más fiel. | ||
Conectividad FM |
|
Con Mini Microphone 2+ |
Poder conectarse a sistemas de FM puede ser importante para los niños, especialmente en la escuela. Disponer de opciones para oír mejor en la escuela es importante para tener éxito académico y para el desarrollo social. El Mini Microphone 2+ es una alternativa asequible y portátil a los sistemas FM y puede usarse dentro y fuera del aula. |
||
Autoencendido |
|
|
El procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 se enciende automáticamente cuando se le conecta una batería. El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 se enciende automáticamente cuando se lo coloca en la cabeza. |
||
Características |
||
Tamaño | El procesador de sonido para colocar detrás de la oreja de Cochlear más pequeño hasta el momento | El procesador de sonido de uso fuera de la oreja más pequeño |
El procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 es el procesador de sonido de uso detrás de la oreja más pequeño hasta la fecha, un 25 % más pequeño que su predecesor. 2 El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 es el procesador de sonido de uso fuera de la oreja más pequeño disponible.2 |
||
Peso | El procesador de sonido para colocar detrás de la oreja de Cochlear más liviano hasta el momento | El procesador de sonido recargable de uso fuera de la oreja más liviano |
Diseñado pensando en el confort, el procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 es el procesador de uso detrás de la oreja más liviano, un 24 % más liviano que su predecesor.1 El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 es el procesador de sonido recargable de uso fuera de la oreja más liviano disponible.1 |
||
Gama de colores | Cinco opciones de colores | Cinco opciones de colores |
Se ofrece una gama de opciones de colores en función de sus preferencias y estilo de vida. |
||
Calificaciones de resistencia al agua y al polvo |
Resistente al agua y al polvo (IP57) con baterías recargables. Resistente al agua (IP68) cuando se usa con Aqua+.# |
Resistente al agua y al polvo (IP68). Resistente al agua (IP68) cuando se usa con Aqua+.# |
Tanto el procesador de sonido Kanso 2 como el procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 le brindan confianza total cuando lo sorprende la lluvia, lo salpica el agua o transpira en el gimnasio. Para mayor tranquilidad, añada la seguridad del Aqua+# y sus procesadores de sonido Nucleus 7 o Kanso 2 serán resistentes al agua para que pueda nadar, bucear o surfear con seguridad en agua salada, dulce o con cloro. |
||
Aqua+# |
|
|
Aqua+ es una funda suave y flexible de silicona que se coloca sobre el procesador de sonido y lo hace resistente al agua hasta alcanzar el nivel IP68 cuando se necesita una mayor protección. |
||
Recubrimiento de P2i |
|
|
El P2i es un nano recubrimiento resistente al agua que brinda protección contra los efectos de la corrosión por sudor, humedad y otros daños generales producidos por el agua. |
||
Interfaz simple |
Diseño con un botón |
Diseño sin botones |
El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 tiene un diseño único sin botones. El procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 tiene una interfaz con un botón para llevar a cabo la funcionalidad de control básica. |
||
Baterías |
||
Baterías desechables | Se necesitan dos | N/A |
Las baterías desechables normalmente duran varios días, según las necesidades de uso de energía del usuario. La duración de las baterías puede variar de acuerdo con la persona. |
||
Baterías recargables (opciones estándar y compacta) |
|
Batería recargable integrada |
Hay módulos de baterías recargables disponibles tanto estándares como compactos para el procesador de sonido Nucleus 7. El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 tiene una batería recargable incorporada. |
||
Duración de las baterías† |
Hasta 80 horas | Hasta 18 horas2 |
Los procesadores de sonido de Cochlear están diseñados pensando en la eficacia, para ofrecerle un rendimiento de la batería de larga duración. |
||
Cargador de baterías recargables |
|
|
El procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 cuenta con una opción adicional de carga a través de USB, lo que le permite cargarlo con una computadora o sobre la marcha en el automóvil. El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 usa un nuevo cargador principal todo en uno que carga, almacena y seca su dispositivo al mismo tiempo. También se ofrece un cargador portátil. |
||
Para padres |
||
Batería con fijación de seguridad |
|
|
Para mayor seguridad, el procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 tiene módulos de baterías con fijación de seguridad, y la batería del procesador de sonido Kanso 2 está incorporada a la unidad del procesador de sonido. Ayuda a evitar que los niños abran la tapa de las baterías. |
||
Indicador LED de estado |
|
|
Una forma sencilla de evaluar rápida y fácilmente el estado del procesador de sonido de su hijo. | ||
Controle la calidad del sonido |
Compatible con auriculares de monitorización |
Sound Check en la aplicación Nucleus Smart |
Permite a los padres y cuidadores comprobar la calidad del sonido que recibe el procesador de sonido o los accesorios de su ser querido. | ||
Opciones de uso y retención |
||
Codos |
|
|
Sujetan cómodamente el procesador de sonido a la oreja. | ||
Codos con fijación de seguridad |
|
|
Codos con fijación de seguridad adicional. | ||
Snugfit |
|
|
Ayudan a mantener el procesador de sonido seguro en posición, especialmente para adultos y niños activos. | ||
Hugfit™ |
|
|
Ayuda a mantener el procesador de sonido bien sujeto y está especialmente diseñado para las orejas más pequeñas. | ||
Mic Lock |
|
|
Ayuda a mantener el procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 sujeto a la oreja cuando se usa con un molde o un adaptador de molde. | ||
Pinza Koala |
|
|
Dispositivo de retención para bebés y niños pequeños que se engancha. | ||
Cordón de seguridad |
|
|
Proporciona seguridad adicional al participar en actividades en las que existe el riesgo de perder el procesador de sonido. | ||
Pinza para cabello |
|
|
Se engancha al pelo y reduce el riesgo de perder el procesador de sonido. | ||
Adaptador de molde |
|
|
Se ajusta al molde para ayudar a mantener el procesador de sonido bien sujeto. | ||
Headworn adaptor |
|
|
Únicamente para uso temporal. Sujeta el procesador de sonido y la bobina juntos en su lugar en un lado de la cabeza. | ||
Cinta del pelo |
|
|
Accesorios opcionales que mantienen el procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 o Kanso 2 en su lugar. Útil para niños y al realizar actividad física. | ||
Compatibilidad |
||
Compatibilidad con los implantes | Es compatible con todos los implantes Nucleus | No es compatible con implantes Nucleus 22 |
Cochlear está comprometida con la innovación y el desarrollo continuos de nuestra gama de productos para conseguir los mejores resultados auditivos posibles para nuestros usuarios. |
Tipo de procesador de sonido |
||
Procesador de sonido Nucleus® 7 |
Procesador de sonido Nucleus® Kanso® 2 |
|
Detrás de la oreja |
|
|
Procesador de sonido que se lleva detrás de la oreja y tiene una pequeña bobina que se sujeta a la cabeza con un imán. El procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 de Cochlear es nuestro procesador de sonido de uso detrás de la oreja más avanzado que ofrece nuestras innovadoras tecnologías, como SmartSound® iQ* con SCAN, la exclusiva tecnología True Wireless™ y compatibilidad con teléfonos inteligentes.** |
||
Fuera de la oreja |
|
|
Una solución auditiva cómoda y discreta que no compromete el rendimiento auditivo. El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 se usa fuera de la oreja como una sola unidad. Cuenta con nuestra tecnología avanzada SmartSound iQ*, la tecnología exclusiva True Wireless, batería recargable incorporada, compatibilidad con teléfonos inteligentes** y una bobina en una sola unidad fácil de usar que no compromete el rendimiento auditivo. |
||
Tecnología |
||
SmartSound® iQ* con SCAN |
|
|
SmartSound iQ* es la tecnología de procesamiento de sonido más avanzada de Cochlear. Filtra el ruido de fondo y se adapta automáticamente para optimizar su experiencia auditiva, centrándose en los sonidos que son más importantes para usted. SCAN es el primer clasificador de situación automático del sector, y está diseñado para detectar las características únicas del sonido y usarlas para determinar el entorno auditivo. combina la amplificación acústica de la audición natural que tenga después de la cirugía con la tecnología de implante coclear para proporcionarle acceso a los sonidos que se está perdiendo. El resultado puede ser una experiencia auditiva más plena. |
||
Tecnología mySmartSound™ |
|
|
La tecnología mySmartSound le permite afinar su audición en entornos auditivos del mundo real, permitiéndole ajustar los graves, los agudos y el volumen general. |
||
Micrófonos duales |
|
|
Cochlear fue la primera empresa en sacar al mercado la tecnología de micrófonos duales, que brinda un procesamiento de entrada de sonido avanzado y reduce el ruido de fondo para ayudarlo a comprender mejor el habla en entornos ruidosos. se ha desarrollado exclusivamente para los procesadores de sonido Nucleus 7 y Kanso 2. Disponible para dispositivos Apple® y Android™ compatibles**, es fácil de usar y ofrece la comodidad de controlar la audición desde su teléfono inteligente. La aplicación Nucleus Smart puede ser muy útil para los padres a fin de manejar la audición de sus hijos. | ||
Compatibilidad con teléfonos inteligentes |
Transmisión directa desde dispositivos Apple y Android compatibles.** Transmisión desde otros teléfonos inteligentes con Cochlear Wireless Phone Clip |
Transmisión directa desde dispositivos Apple y Android compatibles.** Transmisión desde otros teléfonos inteligentes con Cochlear Wireless Phone Clip |
Los procesadores de sonido Nucleus 7 y Kanso 2 son los únicos procesadores de sonido de implantación coclear que están hechos para su teléfono inteligente. Esto significa que puede transmitir su música, videos y entretenimiento preferidos, y mucho más, directamente desde su dispositivo Apple o Android compatible.** |
||
Telebobina |
Optimizada para bucles
|
Con el Cochlear Wireless Mini Microphone 2+ |
La telebobina recoge las señales electromagnéticas y las convierte en sonido. Las telebobinas le permiten conectarse a sistemas de audición de bucle para mayor comodidad en la vida cotidiana. |
||
Compatible con dispositivos True Wireless™ de Cochlear |
|
|
Los dispositivos True Wireless están diseñados para ayudarlo a oír mejor en situaciones de mucho ruido, sin necesidad de cables alrededor del cuello. Tiene la opción de conectarlo directamente al Mini Microphone 2+, al clip para teléfono o al TV Streamer. |
||
Phone Clip |
|
|
La tecnología inalámbrica Bluetooth® le permite conectarse con su teléfono inteligente compatible para transmitir llamadas o música. |
||
TV Streamer |
|
|
Con el TV Streamer, recibe sonido con calidad estéreo directamente de su televisión. Obtiene una experiencia equilibrada con el sonido del televisor transmitido a su procesador de sonido mientras sigue conectado a todo lo que lo rodea. |
||
Mini Microphone 2/2+ |
|
|
Al transmitir el habla a su procesador de sonido, el Mini Microphone 2/2+ lo ayuda a mantener conversaciones en lugares ruidosos y oír con más claridad a distancia. Por ejemplo, en la escuela, durante reuniones o al practicar deportes. |
||
Mando a distancia básico |
CR310 |
CR310 |
El pequeño mando a distaia básico cuenta con una útil pantalla para cambiar ajustes sencillos, lo que le permite manejar su audición de una forma discreta. |
||
Streaming bimodal o bilateral |
Dispositivos compatibles Apple o Android ** y True Wireless |
Dispositivos compatibles Apple o Android ** y True Wireless |
Transmitir el sonido a ambos oídos posibilita una experiencia auditiva más fiel. | ||
Conectividad FM |
|
Con Mini Microphone 2+ |
Poder conectarse a sistemas de FM puede ser importante para los niños, especialmente en la escuela. Disponer de opciones para oír mejor en la escuela es importante para tener éxito académico y para el desarrollo social. El Mini Microphone 2+ es una alternativa asequible y portátil a los sistemas FM y puede usarse dentro y fuera del aula. |
||
Autoencendido |
|
|
El procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 se enciende automáticamente cuando se le conecta una batería. El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 se enciende automáticamente cuando se lo coloca en la cabeza. |
||
Características |
||
Tamaño | El procesador de sonido para colocar detrás de la oreja de Cochlear más pequeño hasta el momento | El procesador de sonido de uso fuera de la oreja más pequeño |
El procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 es el procesador de sonido de uso detrás de la oreja más pequeño hasta la fecha, un 25 % más pequeño que su predecesor. 2 El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 es el procesador de sonido de uso fuera de la oreja más pequeño disponible.2 |
||
Peso | El procesador de sonido para colocar detrás de la oreja de Cochlear más liviano hasta el momento | El procesador de sonido recargable de uso fuera de la oreja más liviano |
Diseñado pensando en el confort, el procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 es el procesador de uso detrás de la oreja más liviano, un 24 % más liviano que su predecesor.1 El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 es el procesador de sonido recargable de uso fuera de la oreja más liviano disponible.1 |
||
Gama de colores | Cinco opciones de colores | Cinco opciones de colores |
Se ofrece una gama de opciones de colores en función de sus preferencias y estilo de vida. |
||
Calificaciones de resistencia al agua y al polvo |
Resistente al agua y al polvo (IP57) con baterías recargables. Resistente al agua (IP68) cuando se usa con Aqua+.# |
Resistente al agua y al polvo (IP68). Resistente al agua (IP68) cuando se usa con Aqua+.# |
Tanto el procesador de sonido Kanso 2 como el procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 le brindan confianza total cuando lo sorprende la lluvia, lo salpica el agua o transpira en el gimnasio. Para mayor tranquilidad, añada la seguridad del Aqua+# y sus procesadores de sonido Nucleus 7 o Kanso 2 serán resistentes al agua para que pueda nadar, bucear o surfear con seguridad en agua salada, dulce o con cloro. |
||
Aqua+# |
|
|
Aqua+ es una funda suave y flexible de silicona que se coloca sobre el procesador de sonido y lo hace resistente al agua hasta alcanzar el nivel IP68 cuando se necesita una mayor protección. |
||
Recubrimiento de P2i |
|
|
El P2i es un nano recubrimiento resistente al agua que brinda protección contra los efectos de la corrosión por sudor, humedad y otros daños generales producidos por el agua. |
||
Interfaz simple |
Diseño con un botón |
Diseño sin botones |
El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 tiene un diseño único sin botones. El procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 tiene una interfaz con un botón para llevar a cabo la funcionalidad de control básica. |
||
Baterías |
||
Baterías desechables | Se necesitan dos | N/A |
Las baterías desechables normalmente duran varios días, según las necesidades de uso de energía del usuario. La duración de las baterías puede variar de acuerdo con la persona. |
||
Baterías recargables (opciones estándar y compacta) |
|
Batería recargable integrada |
Hay módulos de baterías recargables disponibles tanto estándares como compactos para el procesador de sonido Nucleus 7. El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 tiene una batería recargable incorporada. |
||
Duración de las baterías† |
Hasta 80 horas | Hasta 18 horas2 |
Los procesadores de sonido de Cochlear están diseñados pensando en la eficacia, para ofrecerle un rendimiento de la batería de larga duración. |
||
Cargador de baterías recargables |
|
|
El procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 cuenta con una opción adicional de carga a través de USB, lo que le permite cargarlo con una computadora o sobre la marcha en el automóvil. El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 usa un nuevo cargador principal todo en uno que carga, almacena y seca su dispositivo al mismo tiempo. También se ofrece un cargador portátil. |
||
Para padres |
||
Batería con fijación de seguridad |
|
|
Para mayor seguridad, el procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 tiene módulos de baterías con fijación de seguridad, y la batería del procesador de sonido Kanso 2 está incorporada a la unidad del procesador de sonido. Ayuda a evitar que los niños abran la tapa de las baterías. |
||
Indicador LED de estado |
|
|
Una forma sencilla de evaluar rápida y fácilmente el estado del procesador de sonido de su hijo. | ||
Controle la calidad del sonido |
Compatible con auriculares de monitorización |
Sound Check en la aplicación Nucleus Smart |
Permite a los padres y cuidadores comprobar la calidad del sonido que recibe el procesador de sonido o los accesorios de su ser querido. | ||
Opciones de uso y retención |
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Codos |
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Sujetan cómodamente el procesador de sonido a la oreja. | ||
Codos con fijación de seguridad |
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Codos con fijación de seguridad adicional. | ||
Snugfit |
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Ayudan a mantener el procesador de sonido seguro en posición, especialmente para adultos y niños activos. | ||
Hugfit™ |
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Ayuda a mantener el procesador de sonido bien sujeto y está especialmente diseñado para las orejas más pequeñas. | ||
Mic Lock |
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Ayuda a mantener el procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 sujeto a la oreja cuando se usa con un molde o un adaptador de molde. | ||
Pinza Koala |
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Dispositivo de retención para bebés y niños pequeños que se engancha. | ||
Cordón de seguridad |
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Proporciona seguridad adicional al participar en actividades en las que existe el riesgo de perder el procesador de sonido. | ||
Pinza para cabello |
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Se engancha al pelo y reduce el riesgo de perder el procesador de sonido. | ||
Adaptador de molde |
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Se ajusta al molde para ayudar a mantener el procesador de sonido bien sujeto. | ||
Headworn adaptor |
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Únicamente para uso temporal. Sujeta el procesador de sonido y la bobina juntos en su lugar en un lado de la cabeza. | ||
Cinta del pelo |
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Accesorios opcionales que mantienen el procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 o Kanso 2 en su lugar. Útil para niños y al realizar actividad física. | ||
Compatibilidad |
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Compatibilidad con los implantes | Es compatible con todos los implantes Nucleus | No es compatible con implantes Nucleus 22 |
Cochlear está comprometida con la innovación y el desarrollo continuos de nuestra gama de productos para conseguir los mejores resultados auditivos posibles para nuestros usuarios. |
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Descargo de responsabilidad
* SNR-NR, WNR y SCAN están aprobados para su uso por parte de cualquier usuario mayor de 6 años de edad que pueda 1) realizar pruebas de percepción del habla objetivas en silencio y con ruido a fin de determinar y documentar el rendimiento y, 2) informar una preferencia respecto de diferentes ajustes del programa.
** Para obtener información sobre compatibilidad, visite www. La aplicación Nucleus Smart está disponible en la App Store y en Google Play. Para obtener información sobre compatibilidad, visite www.Cochlear.com/compatibility.
# El procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 con Aqua+ es resistente al agua hasta el nivel IP68 del estándar internacional IEC60529. Esta protección contra el agua solo aplica cuando se utiliza un módulo de batería recargable estándar de Cochlear o un módulo de batería recargable compacta de Cochlear. El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 es resistente al agua y al polvo hasta el nivel de IP68 del estándar internacional IEC60529. El procesador de sonido Kanso 2 con Aqua+ es resistente al agua y al polvo hasta el nivel de IP68 del estándar internacional IEC60529. Esta clasificación de protección contra el agua significa que el procesador de sonido con Aqua+ puede estar sumergido continuamente a una profundidad de hasta 3 metros (9 pies y 9 pulgadas) durante un máximo de 2 horas. El accesorio Aqua+ debe usarse al participar en actividades acuáticas prolongadas.
†La duración de las baterías puede variar de acuerdo con la persona.
Consulte a su médico o profesional de la salud sobre los tratamientos para la hipoacusia. Estos profesionales podrán recomendarle una solución adecuada para la hipoacusia. Todos los productos deben utilizarse únicamente como lo indique su médico o profesional de la salud. No todos los productos están disponibles en todos los países. Comuníquese con su representante de Cochlear local.
La aplicación Nucleus Smart es compatible con iPhone 5 (o una versión posterior) y dispositivos de la 6ta generación de iPod (o una versión posterior) que ejecuten iOS 10.0 o una versión posterior. El procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 es compatible con iPhone X, iPhone 8 Plus, iPhone 8, iPhone 7 Plus, iPhone 7, iPhone 6s Plus, iPhone 6s, iPhone 6 Plus, iPhone 6, iPhone SE, iPhone 5s, iPhone 5c, iPhone 5, iPad. La marca Bluetooth® y sus logotipos son marcas comerciales registradas de propiedad de Bluetooth SIG, Inc., y cualquier uso que haga Cochlear de ellas es siempre con licencia. El procesador de sonido Nucleus 7 es compatible con iPhone X, iPhone 8 Plus, iPhone 8, iPhone 7 Plus, iPhone 7, iPhone 6s Plus, iPhone 6s, iPhone 6 Plus, iPhone 6, iPhone SE, iPhone 5s, iPhone 5c, iPhone 5, iPad Pro (12,9 pulgadas), iPad Pro (9,7 pulgadas), iPad Air 2, iPad Air, iPad mini 4, iPad mini 3, iPad mini 2, iPad mini, iPad (4ta generación) y iPod touch (6ta generación) con iOS 10.0 o una versión posterior. Apple, el logotipo Apple, FaceTime, el logotipo de Made for iPad, el logotipo de Made for iPhone, el logotipo de Made for iPod, iPhone, iPad Pro, iPad Air, iPad mini, iPad y iPod touch son marcas comerciales de Apple Inc., registradas en EE. UU. y otros países. App Store es una marca de servicio de Apple Inc, registrada en EE. UU. y en otros países. Información precisa desde febrero de 2018. Android y Google Play son marcas comerciales registradas de Google Inc. El robot Android se reproduce o modifica a partir del trabajo creado y compartido por Google y se utiliza de acuerdo con los términos descritos en la licencia de atribución Creative Commons 3. 0. Si desea utilizar la aplicación Nucleus Smart para Android, su dispositivo debe funcionar con Android 5.0 (Lollipop) o una versión posterior y debe ser compatible con Bluetooth 4.0 o una versión posterior. Si desea ver una lista de dispositivos verificados, visite http://www.nucleussmartapp.com/android. Android, Google Play y el logotipo de Google Play son marcas comerciales registradas de Google LLC.
Si desea utilizar la aplicación Nucleus Smart para Android, su dispositivo debe funcionar con Android 5.0 (Lollipop) o una versión posterior y debe ser compatible con Bluetooth 4.0 o una versión posterior. Si desea una lista de dispositivos verificados, visite http://www.nucleussmartapp.com/android. Android es una marca registrada de Google LLC. La marca Bluetooth® y sus logotipos son marcas comerciales registradas de propiedad de Bluetooth SIG, Inc., y cualquier uso que haga Cochlear Limited de ellas es siempre con licencia.
ACE, Advance Off-Stylet, AOS, AutoNRT, Autosensitivity, Beam, Button, CareYourWay, Carina, Cochlear, 科利耳, コクレア, Cochlear SoftWear, Codacs, ConnectYourWay, Contour, Contour Advance, Custom Sound, ESPrit, Freedom, Hear now. And always, HearYourWay, Hugfit, Hybrid, Invisible Hearing, Kanso, MET, MicroDrive, MP3000, myCochlear, mySmartSound, NRT, Nucleus, Off-Stylet, Slimline, SmartSound, Softip, SPrint, True Wireless, el logotipo elíptico, WearYourWay y Whisper son marcas comerciales o marcas comerciales registradas de Cochlear Limited. Ardium, Baha, Baha SoftWear, BCDrive, DermaLock, EveryWear, Vistafix y WindShield son marcas comerciales o marcas comerciales registradas de Cochlear Bone Anchored Solutions AB.
Referencias
- Cochlear Limited. D1190805. CP1000 Processor Size Comparison. Marzo de 2017. Datos en archivo.
- Cochlear Limited. CP950 Kanso Sound Processor User Guide. Datos en archivo de julio de 2016.
Comparison of biatrial and left atrial maze procedures in concomitant cardiac surgery
Comparison of biatrial and left atrial maze procedures in concomitant cardiac surgery
Antipov G.N.
Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 — Center for Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, KSMU, Russia, Krasnodar
Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Center for High Medical Technologies» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kaliningrad region, pos. Rodniki, Russia, Baltic Federal University named after I.I. Immanuel Kant”, Kaliningrad, Russia
Kotov S.N.
Federal Center for High Medical Technologies, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kaliningrad, Russia
Makarova M.O.
Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Center for High Medical Technologies» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kaliningrad region, pos. Rodniki, Russia, Baltic Federal University named after I.I. Immanuel Kant”, Kaliningrad, Russia
Schneider Yu.A.
Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kaliningrad
Comparison of biatrial and left atrial labyrinth procedures in combined heart surgery
Journal:
Cardiology and cardiovascular surgery. 2020;13(1): 17‑23
DOI
10.17116/kardio20201301117
How to quote
Antipov G.N., Postol A.S., Kotov S.N., Makarova M.O., Shneider Yu.A.
Comparison of biatrial and left atrial labyrinth procedures in combined heart surgeries. Cardiology and cardiovascular surgery.
2020;13(1):17‑23.
Antipov GN, Postol AS, Kotov SN, Makarova MO, Schneider YuA. Comparison of biatrial and left atrial maze procedure in concomitant cardiac procedures. Kardiologiya i Serdechno-Sosudistaya Khirurgiya. 2020;13(1):17‑23. (In Russ.).
https://doi.org/10.17116/kardio20201301117
Authors:
Antipov G.N.
Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 — Center for Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, KSMU, Russia, Krasnodar
All authors (5)
Read metadata
Purpose. To conduct a retrospective analysis of the results of the classic cut-and-sew biatrial procedure and its left atrial variant in the treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with concomitant heart disease. Material and methods. From January 2013 to December 2018, 217 patients were operated on according to the biatrial scheme (Group 1) and 176 patients according to the left atrial variant (Group 2). Coronary artery bypass surgery and/or valvular correction were performed as combined procedures. The results were compared at discharge and within 12 months after the operation. Results. Hospital mortality was 3.7% (n=8) and 2.8% (n=5) in groups I and II, respectively (p=0.642). The main problem of the early postoperative period was the dysfunction of the sinus node (SN). This complication occurred in 161 (74.2%) and 96 (54.5%) patients in groups I and II, respectively (p=0.001). Implantation of a permanent pacemaker during the period of hospitalization was performed in 20 (9.6%) and 13 (7.6%) patients in both groups (p=0.499), within 12 months after surgery — in 13 (6.7%) and 4 (2.3%) patients, respectively (p=0.075). Sinus rhythm at discharge was maintained in 151 (72.2%) and 135 (78.9%) patients, respectively (p=0.133). Stable sinus rhythm after 12 months was maintained in 66.4% and 75.2% of patients, respectively (p=0.172). Rhythm disturbances, including recurrence of atrial fibrillation, after 12 months were observed in 38 (18. 2%) and 23 (13.4%) patients of groups I and II, respectively (p=0.353). Conclusion. Both groups showed comparable results in the restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm in the postoperative period. The predictors of the development of SU dysfunction were the performance of the biatrial labyrinth procedure and the duration of atrial fibrillation.
Key words:
atrial fibrillation
labyrinth surgery
pacemaker implantation
valvular heart disease
Authors:
Antipov G.N.
Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 — Center for Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, KSMU, Russia, Krasnodar
Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Center for High Medical Technologies» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kaliningrad region, pos. Rodniki, Russia, Baltic Federal University named after I.I. Immanuel Kant”, Kaliningrad, Russia
Kotov S.N.
Federal Center for High Medical Technologies, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kaliningrad, Russia
Makarova M. O.
Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Center for High Medical Technologies» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kaliningrad region, pos. Rodniki, Russia, Baltic Federal University named after I.I. Immanuel Kant”, Kaliningrad, Russia
Schneider Yu.A.
Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kaliningrad
Close metadata
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of tachyarrhythmia, significantly affecting the quality of life, morbidity and mortality [1]. The surgical procedure «maze» (cut-and-sew) to restore sinus rhythm, proposed by J. Cox, is still the «gold standard» in the treatment of AF [2]. A number of modern studies have shown comparable efficacy of both left atrial (LA) and biatrial (BA) ablation [3—5]. However, 2 recent meta-analyses show that BA ablation promotes longer freedom from AF recurrence and may be indicated in patients with long-term persistent AF [6, 7]. Thus, at the moment there are two opposing opinions regarding the anatomical variant of ablation — a standard biatrial procedure or a reduced scheme only on the left atrium. The main goal of our study was to compare the biatrial scheme with the left atrial modification of the labyrinth procedure.
Material and methods
From January 2013 to December 2018, the clinic performed 393 combined interventions for AF and other cardiac pathologies. The first group of patients (until December 2016) underwent the classic cut-and-sew procedure (217 patients) to eliminate AF. Since January 2017 (Group 2), only the left atrial part of the classic procedure has been performed (176 patients). Patients had paroxysmal, persistent and long-term persistent AF according to the classification of the European Society of Cardiology. The groups were comparable in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics (Table 1). Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients Note. LV EF — left ventricular ejection fraction, LA — left atrium, AH — arterial hypertension, DM — diabetes mellitus. The clinical data of patients were assessed at discharge from the hospital and one year after surgery. In the first group, the results after a year were assessed in 81.8% of patients, in the second — in 67.8% of patients. The primary endpoint was freedom from arrhythmia recurrence (AF, atrial flutter, and atrial tachycardia). For monitoring, 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring was performed. Secondary endpoints included 30-day mortality and long-term survival.
Indications for intervention were the presence of AF, concomitant cardiac pathology, and failure of antiarrhythmic therapy based on the HRS/EHRA/ECAS guidelines [8]. All patients were operated on via median sternotomy under normothermic or moderately (33–34°C) hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Del Nido’s blood cardioplegia was used to protect the myocardium. The biatrial maze was performed according to the cut-and-sew technique with additional lines being made towards the fibrous rings (FA) of the tricuspid (TC) and mitral (MV) valves using the AtriCure Cryo Ice cryoablator. In the projection of the FC MK, the lines were made from the outside and from the inside with a mandatory transverse overlay on the coronary sinus. Marshall’s ligament was transected by diathermocoagulation. The left atrial variant was isolation of the pulmonary vein orifices (box lesion) using the cut-and-sew technique with additional ablation lines performed with a cryoablator towards the FA from the inside and outside of the atrium with a transverse overlay on the venous sinus. In all cases, the left atrial appendage was cut off. The range of combined interventions is presented in Table. 2. Table 2. Nature of combined interventions Note. PPS — acquired heart defects, AK — aortic valve, CABG — coronary artery bypass grafting.
In the postoperative period, all patients in the intensive care unit received an infusion of cordarone at a dose of 900 mg/day. After transfer to the department, cordarone was administered at 600 mg/day for 7 days orally, then at 200 mg/day for 3 months. In cases of sinus node dysfunction (sinus bradycardia, nodal rhythm), atrial pacing was performed, followed by a decision on the implantation of a permanent pacemaker.
Statistical analysis
All values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. To test statistical hypotheses about the type of distribution, the Shapiro–Wilk test was used. Comparisons of two groups from populations with a normal distribution were performed using a t-test, to compare several groups on a qualitative basis, a chi-square test was used. Long-term survival curves were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences were considered significant at p <0.05. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 software package.
Results
Hospital mortality was 3.7% ( n = 8) and 2.8% ( n = 5) in groups 1 and 2, respectively ( p = 0.642). The main problem of the early postoperative period was the dysfunction of the sinus node (SN). This complication occurred in 161 (74.2%) and 96 (54.5%) patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively ( p = 0. 001). Implantation of a permanent pacemaker during the period of hospitalization was performed in 20 (9.6%) and 13 (7.6%) patients in both groups ( p = 0.499), within 12 months after surgery — in 13 (6.7% ) and 4 (2.3%) patients, respectively ( p = 0.075). At the time of discharge, AF was absent in 81.3% of patients in group 1 and in 84.8% in group 2 ( p = 0.786). Sinus rhythm at discharge was maintained in 151 (72.2%) and 135 (78.9%) patients, respectively ( p = 0.133) (Fig. 1). Rice. 1. Heart rate at the time of discharge, depending on the procedure. Note. Here and in fig. 2: SR — sinus rhythm, AF — atrial fibrillation, Others N.R. — other rhythm and conduction disorders, EX — permanent pacemaker. Stable sinus rhythm persists after 12 months in 66.4% and 75.2% of patients, respectively ( p \u003d 0.172). Rhythm disturbances, including recurrence of atrial fibrillation, after 12 months were observed in 38 (18.2%) and 23 (13.4%) patients of groups 1 and 2, respectively ( p = 0. 353). In order to identify risk factors for the development of postoperative sinus node dysfunction, a multivariate analysis was performed, including 9 parameters: age, gender, functional class (FC) of heart failure according to NYHA, duration of AF, biatrial technique, LA size, right atrial size, aortic cross-clamping time, pressure in the pulmonary artery. Based on multivariate logistic regression, two main predictors of the development of sinus node dysfunction were identified: the use of the biatrial technique ( p \u003d 0.043) and the duration of the AF ( p \u003d 0.031). Other intraoperative and intraresuscitative factors have not been studied at this stage. Analysis of the frequency of AF recurrence depending on its type is presented in Table. 3, 4. Table 4. Postoperative outcomes after 12 months Table 3. Immediate results Note. Here and in Table. 4: HRS — cardiac arrhythmias.
There were no significant differences in the recovery and maintenance of sinus rhythm in the postoperative period. Significant differences were obtained by analyzing the time of myocardial ischemia and cardiopulmonary bypass. This is due to the fact that the intervention on the right sections was performed under conditions of aortic clamping. The time of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamping was shorter with left atrial ablation (Table 5). Table 5. Intraoperative data, complications and duration of treatment Note. MI — myocardial ischemia, EC — cardiopulmonary bypass, ARC — department of anesthesiology and resuscitation, stroke — acute cerebrovascular accident, IACB — intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, OSHF — acute cardiovascular failure, PON — multiple organ failure. There was a significant difference only in the rate of pacemaker implantation after 12 months of follow-up. This indicator was higher in the first group of patients (Fig. 2). Rice. 2. Heart rate 12 months after surgery. Note. *p<0.05 significant differences between groups.
In the late postoperative period, all patients with tachyarrhythmias (in the graph included in the group «other rhythm and conduction disorders») were subjected to an invasive electrophysiological study and catheter radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using the CARTO system. Repeated RFA for tachyarrhythmias after various options for surgical treatment of AF was performed in 17 (4.2%) patients. The details of these data are presented in Table. 6. Table 6. Repeat RFA for tachyarrhythmias after various options for surgical treatment of AF Note. PRAVUT — paroxysmal reciprocal atrioventricular junctional tachycardia.
At the same time, the features of mapping of the left atrium after surgical treatment of AF were noted: multiple cicatricial fields, low EG amplitude in the atria, difficulty in interpreting the entrainment test (positive test results in several areas), the possibility of the existence of different circles of re-entry, the possibility of the existence of focal tachycardias (micro re-entry).
During the hospital period and within 12 months after the operation, 50 (13%) pacemakers were implanted in both groups (33 (16.3%) patients in the first group and 17 (9.4%) of patients in the second group, p = 0.145). Forty (80%) of these patients have effective atrial pacing (AAIR and DDDR modes). In 5 cases, an upgrade was performed (the VVI device was implanted earlier while maintaining the sinoatrial rhythm after the labyrinth procedure, the device was replaced with a DDDR device). In this case, the indication for pacemaker replacement was the presence of a regular atrial rhythm and signs of chronotropic insufficiency. In all cases, sinus rhythm was restored after catheter ablation. Re-intervention was not performed in all patients with recurrent AF for various reasons. At the time of endo-RFA, sinus rhythm was restored in all patients, but further results certainly require long-term monitoring.
There were no significant differences in long-term survival in both groups (Fig. 3). Rice. 3. Long-term survival of patients.
Talk
It is well known that the method of choice for the surgical treatment of AF is currently the labyrinth procedure. At the same time, to achieve complete reliable transmurality, preference should be given to the classic cut-and-sew procedure. It should be noted that surgical treatment of AF does not exclude the development of various types of cardiac arrhythmias, including arrhythmogenic pulmonary veins, in the postoperative period. However, the combination of surgical treatment of AF and interventional techniques provides greater freedom from AF even in cases of significant structural changes in the atria.
Despite the high efficiency of the biatrial procedure, there is no unequivocal opinion in the literature on the need for fragmentation of the right atrium due to the absence of significant differences in the frequency of restoration of sinus rhythm, cerebrovascular events, mortality, and a higher incidence of sinus node dysfunction [3–7, 9–12]. At the same time, left atrial ablation reduces the time of MI and CPB and reduces the risk of pacemaker implantation [9]. Taking into account these data, in order to minimize atrial injury and reduce the procedure time, surgical manipulations to eliminate AF can be performed only on the LA [10].
In our study, there were no statistically significant differences in freedom from AF between groups at the time of discharge. Also, there were no significant differences in freedom from AF after 12 months of observation. A number of works also show the absence of a significant difference between the two methods at different follow-up periods (1 to 3 years) [3, 11, 14, 15]. At the same time, colleagues from Novosibirsk talk about a significant difference that manifests itself after 5 years of follow-up, with better results of BA ablation, and believe that adequate long-term monitoring is the key to revealing potential differences between the two methods and preventing overestimation of success rates [10]. However, we believe that it is necessary to remember the techniques for performing ablation. Often, the studies cited refer to the «Labyrinth IV» procedure, and, as is known, maximum transmurality is achieved only with the «Labyrinth III» procedure. In our opinion, it is slightly incorrect to compare BA and LP ablation without taking into account the option of performing the procedure. It is possible that our 5-year results will be slightly different from radiofrequency and cryoablation.
Atrial flutter is one of the main concerns motivating the biatrial ablation regimen. There is evidence that a simplified, left atrial, labyrinth procedure scheme is associated with the occurrence of postoperative tachyarrhythmias of the atrial flutter type in 8–10% of cases [13]. In our study, in the first group there were 6 (2.4%) patients with AFL, in the second group — 7 (3.5%) patients ( p = 0.646). All of them underwent RFA at different times after surgery with successful restoration of a regular rhythm.
One of the important differences between the groups was a significantly lower number of patients with sinus node dysfunction during LP ablation. Thus, implantation of a permanent pacemaker during 12 months of observation was required in 16.3% of cases in the first group and in 9.6% of patients in the second group ( p = 0.145). It can be assumed that the main causes of dysfunction of the pacemaker complex during biatrial ablation are both its direct injury due to the formation of a line to the superior vena cava and the line from the apex of the right atrial appendage along its lateral surface, and possible damage to the artery supplying the sinus node [9—10, 12].
Terminals
1. The “gold standard” of surgical treatment of AF remains the “maze III” procedure, however, a number of authors note its negative aspects: worsening of the conductive function of the RA and more frequent development of sinus node dysfunction.
2. The left atrial modification of the labyrinth procedure is comparable in its effectiveness to biatrial ablation, less traumatic and accompanied by less need for pacemaker implantation.
3. The implementation of the biatrial technique and the duration of atrial fibrillation are the main predictors of the development of dysfunction of the pacemaker complex.
4. Endocardial ablation and pacemaker implantation are effective methods for maintaining a regular atrial rhythm after surgical treatment of AF.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Information about authors
Antipov G. N. — https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7704-2669
Postol A. S. — https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0983-3773
Kotov S. N. — https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4027-4159
Makarova M. O. — https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-5273
Schneider Yu. A. — https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-3076
Corresponding author: G. N. Antipov — e-mail: [email protected].
Compare data in two columns to find duplicates in Excel
Excel for Microsoft 365 Excel for Microsoft 365 for Mac Excel 2021 Excel 2021 for Mac Excel 2019 Excel 2019 for Mac Excel 2016 Excel 2016 for Mac Excel 2013 Office for Business Excel 2010 Excel 2007 More…Less
Use the following methods to compare data in two Microsoft Excel columns and find duplicate entries.
Method 1: Use the formula in this step
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In the new example, enter the following data (leave column B blank):
A
B
C
1
1
3
2
2
5
3
3
8
4
4
2
5
5
0
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Select cell C1 through B5.
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In Excel 2007 and later versions of Excel, select Fill in the Editing group, and then select Down .
Duplicate numbers appear in column B, as in the following example:
A
B
C
1
1
3
2
2
2
5
3
3
3
8
4
4
2
5
5
5
0
Method 2: Use a Visual Basic macro
macro
Warning: Microsoft provides programming examples for illustration only without warranty, either expressed or implied. This does not only apply to the implied warranty of fitness and fitness for a particular purpose. This article assumes that you are familiar with the programming language that is being demonstrated and the tools used to create and from debug procedures. Microsoft support engineers can explain the functionality of a particular procedure. However, they will not modify these examples to provide additional functionality or build procedures in the required order.
To use a Visual Basic macro to compare data in two columns, use the following steps:
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Start Excel.
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Press ALT+F11 to launch the Visual Basic editor.
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Enter the following code on the module sheet:
Sub Find_Matches() Dim CompareRange As Variant, x As Variant, y As Variant ' Set CompareRange equal to the range to which you will ' compare the selection. Set CompareRange = Range("C1:C5") ' NOTE: If the compare range is located on another workbook ' or worksheet, use the following syntax. ' Set CompareRange = Workbooks("Book2"). _ 'Worksheets("Sheet2").Range("C1:C5") ' ' Loop through each cell in the selection and compare it to ' each cell in CompareRange. For Each x In Selection For Each y In CompareRange If x = y Then x.Offset(0, 1) = x Next y Next x End Sub
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Press ALT+F11 to return to Excel.
-
Enter the following data as an example (leave column B blank):
A
B
C
1
1
3
2
2
5
3
3
8
4
4
2
5
5
0
-
-
In Excel 2007 and in later versions of Excel, select the Developer tab, and then in the Code group, select Macro.
Note: If the Developer tab is not disabled, it might need to be enabled. To do this, select File > Options > Customize the Ribbon, and then select the Developer tab in the settings box on the right.
-
Click Find_Matches and then click Run .
Duplicate numbers are displayed in column B. Matching numbers will fit next to the first column as shown below.
A
B
C
1
1
3
2
2
2
5
3
3
3
8
4
4
2
5
5
5
0
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Laser or radio wave removal of neoplasms
Thanks to the introduction of new medical devices, the removal of neoplasms is becoming an increasingly simple and common procedure. A couple of decades ago, it was possible to remove a papilloma or a wart only with the help of a surgical operation. After which the patient had to wait a long time for the wound to heal, and as a result, a scar almost always remained. These difficulties are a thing of the past, because today the removal is carried out using a laser and radio waves. What are these procedures and which method is right for you, we will analyze in our article.
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Carbon peeling or neodymium heating
Laser skin rejuvenation is the collective name for a number of restorative techniques in modern cosmetology. As a rule, these are complex procedures, with the help of which specialists in laser medicine and dermatocosmetology help patients solve all possible problems associated with the condition of the skin.
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Manual or machine massage for cellulite, which is better?
In the fight against cellulite, for a beautiful body, all means are good. However, massage has gained the most popularity. If manual massage techniques have been known for a long time and are used everywhere, then hardware massage is a novelty of our time. Clinics and salons began to offer hardware massage procedures for body shaping relatively recently. How to determine which method will more effectively cope with the «orange peel»? Let us consider in more detail all the pros and cons of manual and hardware massage for body shaping.
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RF lifting or ultrasonic liposuction: what to choose?
Having decided to do figure correction, many people face the question, what is better to choose? There are many methods for losing weight and fighting cellulite, but I want to choose the only reliable and effective one that will help get rid of unnecessary deposits in a short period. Today we will compare two technologies for non-surgical weight loss: RF-lifting and ultrasonic liposuction.
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Erbium and carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. What are the differences, where are the advantages
For the laser resurfacing procedure, carbon dioxide and erbium devices are used, which have a different intensity effect on the skin and allow solving various cosmetic problems.
The laser resurfacing technique is an effective alternative to plastic surgery and achieves similar results without surgery. Laser treatment is recommended not only in the presence of age-related skin changes, but also to eliminate various cosmetic defects: scars, stretch marks, post-acne, age spots and others.
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Laser hair removal and electrolysis, what to choose?
Modern cosmetic procedures allow you to quickly and for a long time get rid of unwanted facial and body hair. However, the wide variety of these procedures often confuses the patient, since it is difficult for an ordinary person to catch all the subtleties and nuances of a particular service. And, as a result, a person, having difficulty in choosing, prefers to do nothing at all.
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Laser hair removal or photoepilation
The spontaneous development of laser cosmetology contributed to the emergence of a wide variety of procedures based on the positive and very effective effect of the laser beam on the cellular composition of the body. However, such a variety, often, can confuse inexperienced patients who have not yet decided on the choice of procedure.
Of course, which procedure to prefer depends on the patient himself, so a detailed explanation of a particular technology can not only help him, but also determine his choice in the future.
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International studies of the quality of education
International comparative studies on the assessment of the quality of education are organized and conducted by international organizations: the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) ).
International Comparative Research allows you to identify and compare the state and changes taking place in education systems in different countries and evaluate the effectiveness of strategic decisions in the field of education.
The comparison is not made speculatively based on the study of various sources of literature, not on the basis of a comparison of the results of prestigious international Olympiads for the elite, but on the basis of the results of studies conducted on representative samples of students from different countries using the same toolkit, which is created taking into account international priorities in education.
Russia has been participating in international research since 1990
- PISA: Program for International Student Assessment. The aim of the study is to assess the ability of students to use the knowledge and experience acquired at school for a wide range of life tasks in various areas of human activity, communication and social relations.
- TIMSS: Third International Mathematics and Science Study. The main purpose of the study is to compare the quality of mathematics and science education in primary and secondary schools
- PIRLS: Progress in International Reading Literacy Study. The study is conducted to compare the level and quality of reading and understanding of the text by primary school students around the world, as well as to identify and interpret differences in national education systems in order to improve the process of learning to read.
- ICILS: International Computer and Information Literacy Study. The purpose of the study is to assess the preparedness of students for study, work and life in the information age, to study the levels of computer and information literacy of 8th grade students in the participating countries, to analyze the identified differences, to promote education in this area at the national and international levels.
- ICCS: International Civic and Citizenship Education Study. The study provides information on the conceptual understanding and competencies in the field of civic education, on the predispositions and attitudes towards it among young people.
International comparative studies have been actively developed in our country and, along with the state final certification, all-Russian verification works and national studies of the quality of education, form the Unified System for Assessing the Quality of Education (ESOKO) in the Russian Federation.
For more information on international comparative studies, please visit the website of the Federal Institute for Educational Quality Assurance
Preparing for PISA-2022: mathematical literacy
On April 4, 2022, the PISA international study of the quality of education will begin in the Chelyabinsk region. Mathematical literacy, which was the focus of the study in 2003 and 2012, will be the object of special attention in the next cycle of the study.
Preparing for PISA-2022: components of functional literacy
From April 4 to May 15, students from the Chelyabinsk region will take part in the PISA international study of the quality of education.
Functional literacy in the international PISA study
In the spring of 2022, students from seven schools in the Chelyabinsk region will take part in the main phase of the PISA study.
Chelyabinsk region will take part in the international study of the quality of education PISA
From April 4 to May 20, 2022, students of educational institutions of the Chelyabinsk region will take part in the main stage of the PISA study.
Students of the Chelyabinsk region will take part in the PISA study
From October 11 to November 5, 2021, students of educational institutions of the Chelyabinsk region will take part in the all-Russian assessment according to the PISA model.
Pupils of the 4th grade of the region will take part in an international study of the quality of education
In April 2021, fourth-graders from the Chelyabinsk region will participate in the international study of reading quality and text comprehension (PIRLS-2021).
Russia improved its performance in the TIMSS international study of education quality, entering the top six
Russia maintained and strengthened its positions in all areas of the TIMSS international comparative study of education quality, confidently entering the top six world leaders
Rosobrnadzor summed up the first results of education quality studies in regions of the Russian Federation in 2019-2020 according to the PISA model
The Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science, during a press conference held on November 27, summed up the first results of studies of the quality of education in the regions of Russia according to the PISA model, held in 2019-2020.
Chelyabinsk region takes part in PISA research
From October 12 to November 8 in the Chelyabinsk region, the «PISA Model Evaluation» research is being conducted.
Schoolchildren from South Urals will be assessed according to the PISA 9 model0003
In the fall of 2020, the Chelyabinsk region will take part in all-Russian and regional studies of the quality of training of students according to the PISA model
Procedure name | General health improvement — base | General wellness — premium | General health improvement — base | General wellness — premium | General health improvement — base | General wellness — premium |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration | 7 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 14 | 14 |
Procedure name | General health improvement — base | General wellness — premium | General health improvement — base | General wellness — premium | General health improvement — base | General wellness — premium |
Duration | 7 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 14 | 14/td> |
Specialist advice | ||||||
Medical examination | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
Neurological consultation | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Consultation of a traumatologist-orthopedist | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Cosmetologist’s consultation | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Thalasso and whiskey consultation | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Diagnosis | ||||||
Laboratory tests | ||||||
Clinical blood test | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Biochemical blood test (9 indicators) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Blood test for infections (HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Coagulogram (3 indicators) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Electrolytes (3 indicators) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Metabolic markers (basic panel 3 indicators) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Urinalysis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Instrumental examinations | ||||||
ECG | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Ultrasound of the abdomen and kidneys | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Digital chest x-ray | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Computer diagnostics of body composition | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Immunity booster and health |
||||||
System magnetotherapy | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 |
Cryotherapy | — | 5 | — | 5 | — | 7 |
Quantum endovasal therapy | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 |
Respiratory function optimization | ||||||
Cellular rejuvenation (interval hypoxic therapy) | — | 5 | — | 5 | — | 7 |
Breathing exercises (group) | 6 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 13 |
Halotherapy (salt mine) | 6 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 13 |
General strengthening treatments | ||||||
Back massage | 6 | — | 8 | — | 11 | — |
General massage | — | 6 | — | 8 | — | 11 |
Water treatment | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 12 |
Pool | 6 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 13 |
Individual training | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Restoration of self-regulation of organs and systems |
||||||
Physiotherapy (as prescribed by a doctor) | course | course | course | course | course | course |
Spectral phototherapy (organ projection/treatment of osteochondrosis/nervous system) | 2 | — | 2 | — | 3 | — |
Spectral phototherapy (meridian) | — | 2 | — | 2 | — | 3 |
Detox treatments | ||||||
Finnish sauna | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Body peeling (in sauna) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Hammam (care program) | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Infrared sauna | course | course | course | course | course | course |
Calcium Mineral Drainage Wrap | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
Magnesium Mineral Drainage Wrap | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
Vitamin and mineral normalization body composition |
||||||
Salt wrap | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — |
Thalassotherapy | — | — | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Vitamin and mineral therapy | course | course | course | course | course | course |
Vitamin therapy (taking a biocomplex with vitamin D) | course | course | course | course | course | course |
Aesthetic and cosmetic procedures |
||||||
Spa treatment (as prescribed by the attending physician): «Golden Magic» / «Slender Silhouette» / «Royal Spa Treatment for Men» |
— | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Whiskey wrap | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 2 |
Bandage wrap | — | — | 2 | — | 2 | — |
Healthy Glow Professional Care | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Power | ||||||
Meals according to the program | course | course | course | course | course | course |
Lectures | ||||||
Lectures | course | course | course | course | course | course |
Leisure | ||||||
Healthy food cooking workshop, introduction to Karelian cuisine | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
RF Micro Needle Lift or Microneedling
RF Micro Needle Lift or Microneedling — which is better?
What to choose: Micro needle RF lifting or Microneedling? If it is not at all clear what Microneedle RF lifting is and what Microneedling is, then you are not alone at all! In the world of beauty, beauty industry and cosmetology, new items are a frequent occurrence! Coolaser clinic specialists are ready to help you understand the nuances and subtleties of these procedures.
Contents:
- Features of radiofrequency microneedles in RF lifting
- What is the difference between radio wave treatment and laser resurfacing
- What is the difference between radio wave lifting and SMAS lifting
- SMAS rejuvenation system is suitable for the following areas:
- What to expect after microneedle rf-lifting
- Is it allowed to combine this type of lifting with other cosmetic procedures
- Who is recommended for microneedle RF lifting
- What is the real effect of microneedle RF lifting sessions
- How many sessions do you need
- Does not happen after radio wave lifting
- Get it in any case and age
- RF is painful or scary
- A good doctor will definitely do it
- Microneedling as an alternative to microneedling RF-lifting
- What is the impact of microneedling
- Why the procedure in the clinic is safer and more effective than in the salon or at home
- What is the difference between the mesoscooter or needles for home use and the Dermapen equipment
- What are the contraindications for Microneedle RF-lifting and Microneedling
In this article we will detail Let’s take a look at all the most important aspects of the topic! Even the most inexperienced reader in matters of cosmetology will easily make the right choice after reading the article.
What is the main difference between micro needle rf and microneedling
Microneedling is an instrumental procedure using sterile thin needles. Microneedles pierce the skin and minimal trauma is obtained. The specialist uses the apparatus in a special way so that the micro-wounds are only in the right places. After the procedure, the natural mechanisms of skin regeneration are launched. In other words, the production of elastin and collagen is stimulated, which are responsible for the elasticity and appearance of the skin. In addition, microneedles may contain drugs that increase the effect.
RF Micro Needle Lifting or RF Lifting is an instrumental procedure that uses microneedles that emit radio frequency waves. In other words, it is an advanced and advanced microneedling procedure. The principle of inflicting wounds with needles is the same, but due to exposure to radio waves, the effect increases. The radio waves that the device creates are able to penetrate into the deepest layers of the skin and cope with the tasks better than microneedling drugs. Even outwardly, RF-lifting devices are larger in size and cost several times more.
Features of radiofrequency microneedles in RF lifting
What does the prefix “RF” mean in the name of the skin tightening procedure? RF — stands for «radio frequency» (radio frequency). Thus, the whole essence of the procedure becomes clear. Different devices can be used for the procedure, one of the best is the Adonyss device, which is made in the USA.
The modern Adonyss apparatus contains a removable (disposable) applicator with gold-plated fine microneedles. The applicator (disposable nozzle) is selected individually for the patient and is used for only one procedure, then thrown away. It includes a set of laser sharpening microneedles to penetrate the dermis and transfer energy.
The depth of exposure to radio waves is adjusted by the program in the range of 05-5 mm. Radio waves are completely safe and no negative effects of their impact were observed. From 12 to 25 punctures are applied per 1 square centimeter with needles distributed evenly in certain places.
Many clients cannot understand the difference between the effect of microneedles with drugs in microneedling and the effect of microneedles with radio frequencies in RF lifting. In the RF-lifting procedure, a more delicate effect occurs with the addition of radio wave impulses.
Minor injuries cause the skin to heal naturally by increasing the production of collagen and elastin. Thus, the skin noticeably changes: pores narrow, age spots disappear, folds and wrinkles become less noticeable.
What is the difference between radio wave and laser resurfacing
There are many ways to improve the skin, make it smoother and more elastic, for example, laser resurfacing. Laser exposure to the skin is much more effective than radio wave. The effect after procedures using laser devices is more pronounced.
What is the advantage of the radio frequency method? The RF facelift method is more suitable for skin after sunburn or naturally dark skin. After the summer vacation, it will not be possible to go for a more effective laser facelift, you will have to wait about a month.
The action of microneedles on the skin itself is safe and suitable for any skin, even with active tanning. Exposure to radio waves is also safe and does not carry any consequences. In addition, the undoubted advantage of microneedling and microneedling RF-lifting over laser facial rejuvenation is a more delicate effect on the skin and a shorter recovery period.
Microneedling and its improved version are considered a «weekend procedure» because the recovery period is from two hours to two days.
What is the difference between radio wave lifting and SMAS lifting?
SMAS lifting is a hardware procedure that results in an ultrasonic effect on the skin. To date, this type of rejuvenation without surgery can be called the most effective among all, if not the most effective.
SMAS lifting can be called an integrated approach to the correction of age-related skin changes. If RF-lifting and microneedling essentially give good results, but superficial, then SMAS already gives a very high-quality result.
SMAS The rejuvenation system is suitable for the following zones:
- Decollete
- neck
- Face
- Zone of the abdomen
- Zone above the knees
- The specialist makes punctures selectively, only in areas of the skin where it is required.
- Approximately 25 holes per square centimeter.
- The first results are visible after the first treatment.
- Safety and predictability of results
- When the procedure is repeated, the effect increases after 4 weeks.
- This type of lifting, namely with the help of micro needles, is suitable for young patients.
- The effect lasts up to a year.
- There are no more than 2-3 sessions per month and the course consists of an average of 4-6 sessions.
- The procedure is not considered painful, but pain relief is also possible with increased sensitivity.
- Significantly more effective than comparable procedures.
- Maximum combination of this method of skin healing — laser resurfacing, SMAS-lifting, temomagnetic RF-lifting.
- Biorevitalization, mesotherapy, plasmolifting also provides a synergistic effect from combining with radiofrequency exposure.
- Additional procedures are possible in consultation with a doctor.
- post-acne;
- aged skin from 37 years;
- scars;
- stretch marks;
- wrinkles;
- scars;
- skin laxity;
- sagging facial contours;
- dull lifeless skin;
- is the least effective, but helps with pigmentation too.
- dull skin of an unhealthy color
- skin after active tanning that needs care
- the onset of age-related pigmentation
- fine wrinkles
- dark circles under the eyes
- slight swelling and rumples after holidays 9026 rashes, a few pimples or peeling
- sagging facial contours
- sagging skin
- enlarged pores and oily facial skin
- traces of post-acne
- and such problems, in other words, the skin is not the first freshness
- under the age of 40 the lifting effect will be really significant and noticeable
- complete removal of large scars and deep pits (after acne or scars)
- removal of all freckles and other pigmentation with active manifestation
- results as after laser resurfacing
- after SMAS lifting
- slight or even moderate lifting effect
- freshness of the face
- healthy skin color
- skin regeneration will occur
- aging processes will slow down
- the skin will look several years younger maybe even for 5 years)
- wrinkles will become smaller, small wrinkles will disappear
- the skin will become more elastic and slightly tightened
- you will look like after a good rest and care procedures
- the effect will be more noticeable than that of any skin care cosmetics and will last for about a year
- the skin will be pleasant to the touch, healed, rested
- the problem in case of oily skin will decrease
- rashes on the face will become less
- beautiful
- pores will be significantly reduced
- will conduct a preliminary examination
- will give an opinion on the condition of the skin and its problems
- will suggest treatment regimens and procedures that are really necessary
- will never persuade expensive unnecessary procedures
- will answer all questions about your health
- will tell you how to prepare for the planned procedure
- will tell you in detail about the procedure itself and why it needs to be done
- will warn you about the recovery period
- will predict what effect the procedure will bring in a particular case
- will dissuade you and will convince you if you are planning to have an unnecessary procedure (for example, Botox injections at the age of 18 or something like that)
- will help you choose a treatment according to your financial and other capabilities
- will be as gentle as possible during the procedure, will support you, soothe you so that you are not afraid and will anesthetize or will be as careful as possible if it hurts
- gives rejuvenation effects
- reduces scars, scars and stretch marks
- tightens large pores
- reduces pigmentation on the skin
- gives the skin an even, beautiful tone
- the skin acquires a beautiful healthy tone
- improves skin structure, removes sagging
- makes the skin smooth and smooth relieves the effects of acne
- refreshes the skin, tightens the oval of the face
- gives maximum effects when combined with CO2 laser resurfacing, thermomagnetic RF-lifting photorejuvenation
- procedures that can enhance skin regeneration in combination with microneedling — biorevitalization, plasmolifting, mesotherapy and quality cosmetics
- can get rid of freckles
- helps in the treatment of burns
- helps to treat and reduce rashes and redness on the skin
- works great in combinations with the surface procedure, known as the “vampire face” (enriched blood of the patient is applied to the face and then acted upon by the Dermopen apparatus)
- Needles for mesoscooters and other devices that can be used for microneedling at home or a beauty salon are very different in quality faster than Dermopen
- Insufficient quality needles leave large punctures, the procedure is noticeably more painful and there are negative consequences, there may even be traces for a long time
- An important parameter of the needles is their length, Dermopen uses needles from 0.2 to 7mm, with gold plating and jewelry laser sharpening, which are definitely safe and will not leave scars
- In models of devices that are used in beauty salons and spas the size of the needles is smaller, the sharpening is not so professionally performed, hence the lower prices of the procedure itself, less efficiency and a greater risk of injury
- 0 degrees, which causes the least trauma to the skin than mesoscooters
- Needles of insufficient quality quickly bend and cause injuries much more dangerous than in professional expensive devices in clinics, as a result, you can get not benefit, but harm after the procedure and take a long time to heal the consequences
- In addition, the clinic is guaranteed not to bring you an infection during any manipulations, as this is the reputation of the clinic, and in the salons they do not strictly follow sanitary standards and the qualifications of specialists
- Of course, only professionals with higher medical education and extensive practice work in the clinic, and specialists who have completed 2-3 month cosmetology courses can work in the salons
- If you decide to do the procedure yourself at home, then the information from the article will help you not to apply harm to yourself or to minimize it as much as possible, if you do not convince to self-medicate the skin
- In oncological diseases
- in acute viral diseases
- in the active phase of the herpes
- For diabetes
- For blood diseases
9, -60 years. The advantage is that there is no surgical intervention, and the result is approximately the same as after a surgical intervention. In some cases, it is done before the age of 35 years.
SMAS — stands for Superficial Muscular Aponeurotic System (superficial muscular aponeurotic system). There is an ultrasonic and thermal effect on the tissue, which triggers the contraction of collagen spirals. The result is a powerful stimulation of the process of tissue regeneration.
What is the advantage of exposure to microneedles with radio waves or drugs compared to SMAS lifting? SMAS lifting should not be done if you have cuts, rashes or any damage to the skin, even if you have recently sunbathed on the beach. And Microneedling and RF-lifting is allowed in such cases.
Even if there is acne, but not in the acute stage, the procedures are possible. Microneedling / RF lifting differ from SMAS in the recovery period after the procedure. SMAS — lifting is not done during pregnancy. Radio wave and drug microneedle exposure is not prohibited during pregnancy.
Top 10 reasons to use the procedure
Please consult with our doctors if you are considering microneedle radio wave face or body lifting, microneedling or any other procedure.
What to expect after rf-lifting with microneedle method
Rehabilitation period:
The skin recovers from two hours to two days after radiofrequency exposure. Bruises or crusts should not be afraid, they are excluded. There is no need to avoid direct sunlight. The burn from the device itself is completely excluded. For a safety net in the summer, it is better to use a cream with an SPF of 30 or more for a couple of days.
If puncture sites are still visible after visiting a specialist, they will quickly disappear. There may be slight redness or swelling, disappear in a few hours. Any negative consequences are minimized. Refrain from baths, saunas and solariums for several days. Doing peels, especially chemical ones, or visiting a tanning bed during the recovery period is a bad idea.
Is it allowed to combine this type of lifting with other cosmetic procedures?
Microneedle RF-lifting as a procedure is one of the safest methods of skin rejuvenation today. This development is based on the use of the potential of modern radio frequency equipment. The procedure uses an applicator with the finest microneedles of laser sharpening.
The penetration depth of the needles is strictly controlled and can be adjusted. Gold-plated microneedles make tiny holes in the skin with a depth of 0.5 to 5 mm. As a result of the procedure, the skin is injured, but as delicately and safely as possible.
The natural protective mechanisms of the skin are launched and stimulated, the regeneration process is activated. The peculiarity of RF-lifting is that all protocols are strictly programmed. Due to the delicacy and safety of this rejuvenation technique, it can be combined with some other techniques.
Who is recommended for microneedle RF lifting?
Men and women are recommended to have periodic visits starting at the age of 37. It is allowed to use at a younger age to improve the condition of the skin.
Indications:
What real effect can be obtained from sessions of micro-needle RF-lifting
Before deciding to go for any cosmetology service, you want to know in advance what results will be obtained. What does the result of the procedure depend on? First of all, from the problem with which the client comes. Let’s look at how many procedures will be needed with specific examples.
How many sessions do you need
If the age is 30+, maybe even closer to 40 years. If there are problems such as:
even after the first procedure. If the skin problems are not advanced, then even the effect of one procedure can last for a year. Ideally, of course, in order to tighten the skin, remove post-acne and make the skin fresh, healthy, well-groomed, you need from 3 procedures with a difference of no more than a month between them. In more advanced cases, you can take a course of 6 sessions.
Microneedle RF lifting is considered a “weekend procedure” due to its shortest recovery period compared to other services from two hours to two days. If you plan to undergo a course of procedures, then it is most effective to do the procedure a couple of times a month, but take breaks between procedures for no more than 5 weeks to get the maximum benefit. In addition, each time the result will grow and accumulate and will fully manifest itself in 5-6 months. Its effect will end a year or a little more after the last procedure.
The most important thing to remember is not to prescribe treatments yourself and avoid questionable salons. Unprofessional specialists who care more about profit than about their reputation can promise you incredible results, like after a surgical intervention.
Microneedles penetrate to a maximum depth of 5 mm and can only penetrate the upper layers of the skin. If you have already begun serious age-related changes, your age is approaching 60-70 years, then this procedure will not be effective for you.
There is no incredible rejuvenation effect after radio wave lifting
Even if you have mature skin, active wrinkles and you are about 50, the procedure can still give an effect. You will look better after this procedure.
Get in any case and age
After this procedure, at any age, you can feel younger, fresher, more self-confident. People around you will notice positive changes, they will give you more compliments.
We have extensive experience in performing radio wave rejuvenation procedures on patients over 70 years of age. Such patients tolerate the procedure relatively well, but it is impossible to do without anesthesia.
In such cases, any manipulation is unpleasant and uncomfortable. Immediately after the radio wave microneedle exposure, muscle twitching on the face is noticeable, even in places there are traces of punctures with blood dew. Age patients sometimes complain of burning and tingling of the skin.
A slight swelling may appear, but this is a normal reaction and should not be frightened, it passes quickly. Patients of respectable age are recommended to undergo restorative procedures in parallel, such as biorevitalization or mesotherapy in combination.
Unfortunately, after 70 years the skin loses its restorative functions and recovers much worse. And the patients themselves see that the skin does not give a good return, the regeneration process is not as strong as, for example, at the age of 50.
Unfortunately, some changes without surgical intervention with the help of only lifting, even SMAS lifting, not that even weaker analogues can no longer be reversed.
It is extremely difficult for a beautician to achieve good and high-quality results with lifting and other procedures with such aging skin. In such cases, you need to be an experienced professional and spend a lot of effort to gradually bring the appearance of the skin into a healthy and aesthetic appearance.
Of course, everyone understands that the skin of an elderly person produces many times less collagen and elastin during recovery, due to which we get the corresponding effect. But this effect will definitely be both in sensations and in appearance, the changes will not leave you indifferent and in any case will benefit the skin and slow down fading.
RF and Mycoronidlig — is it painful or scary?
Any rejuvenation sessions are associated with skin injury, just different methods and different depths of exposure. If you start taking care of your skin from the age of 25-30, then the procedures will be easier, faster and less painful. Most likely, even painkillers will not be needed.
Most clients are able to tolerate the unpleasant tingling and manipulation of the skin and do not ask for pain relief. As a rule, these are patients who initially take good care of their skin and solve problems that appear in a timely manner. It can be compared to a visit to the dentist and bad teeth.
If the skin is in a more neglected condition or in cases of increased skin sensitivity, the specialist applies an anesthetic without any problems and almost nothing is felt after that. In cases where the procedure is carried out for the first time, they also offer anesthesia at the request of the client.
Specialists from a good clinic aim to provide comfortable and high-quality services. They will not allow the patient to be hurt, scared or very uncomfortable during the procedure.
A good doctor will definitely do this
If you could find a good doctor who meets the points above, and you are sure of his qualifications, then at this point you can already forget about any fears. In any case, if you have already chosen a specialist, then trust him in everything and follow all the recommendations, then you will have an excellent result.
Microneedling as an alternative to microneedling RF-lifting
Microneedling, although considered the forerunner of microneedling RF-lifting, is inferior to it in efficiency. It differs primarily in that the mechanical effect on the skin is carried out in combination with drugs.
The microneedling machine differs in many ways from the radio wave machine in size. It is shaped like a pen or pencil and for this it is called Dermapen. Such a miniature apparatus is reliable and has repeatedly demonstrated excellent results.
Using the Dermapen technique, it is possible to stimulate the production of elastin and collagen pointwise, by activating fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are skin cells that are responsible for the production of useful and important components for the skin, such as hyaluronic acid. These components make the skin supple, smooth, elastic and beautiful.
With Dermapen technology, many punctures are made on the skin of the face in precisely defined places where it is required. The smallest injections penetrate the upper layers of the skin to an adjustable depth, distance, frequency and nature of the punctures. Thus, processes are launched pointwise in the places necessary for this.
Many people resort to various types of peels to start skin regeneration. Peelings affect the entire area evenly, the keratinized layer of the skin is exfoliated and regeneration is started throughout the face. The advantage of point exposure is that the recovery process is much easier and the procedure is much less traumatic for the skin.
Peeling should not be used on broken skin because it can cause chemical burns. In the case of point controlled exposure, active inflammation can be bypassed.
If we compare the effect of Dermapen with beauty injections, the results of Dermapen are different. Firstly, useful components are distributed evenly over the area of the skin, that is, the effect is as delicate as possible. Secondly, in addition to drugs and components, it is possible to use the blood of the patient himself, prepared according to the same method as for plasmolifting.
What is the effect of microneedling
Why is the procedure in the clinic safer and more effective than in the salon or at home? There are many offers on the market that are similar in principle to microneedling.
You may come across offers of microneedling services in beauty salons or even buy a machine to perform the procedure at home.
What is the difference between a mesoscooter or needles for home use and Dermapen 9 equipment0088
Knowing the pitfalls and nuances of the microneedling procedure, it will be easier for you to decide on a specialist who will not be afraid to entrust your face.
What are the contraindications in micro-sagged RF lifting and micronidling
You can not do the procedure at:
for dermatitis
in the phase of extensions in the phase wounds (or avoid them during the procedure)
CoolaserClinic in Kyiv, near Pecherska metro station, offers a range of cosmetic services. The clinic employs the best specialists in cosmetology and the beauty industry in Kyiv. Make your choice, because now you know what to choose: Microneedle RF lifting or Microneedling.
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