Computer processors compared: Intel Core i5-8250U @ 1.60GHz vs Intel Core i5-7200U @ 2.50GHz [cpubenchmark.net] by PassMark Software

How to Compare Laptop Processors | Small Business

By Adam Brown

An important factor to consider when deciding to purchase any laptop computer is the characteristics of the central processing unit, or CPU. Most processors found in consumer-grade notebooks are made by two semiconductor companies, Intel and Advanced Micro Devices, or AMD. However, brand is only one component to consider when comparing processors. Other elements include GHz speed, power consumption and the number of cores.

Intel Vs. AMD

Intel and AMD are the main competitors in the consumer laptop CPU market. Most operating systems, applications and games will accept processors from either company. There are a few differences, though. Intel is considered to be the leader in speed and performance. However, the trade-off is in price, as Intel is generally more expensive than AMD. AMD’s processors may not be as fast as Intel at identical GHz, but they are cheaper and are able to handle integrated graphic cards better.

GHz Speed

Gigahertz, commonly abbreviated as GHz, identifies the speed of each core in the processor. The amount of GHz a processor has refers to the frequencies in billions of cycles per second. For example, a processor with 2.5 GHz is able to execute 2.5 billion cycles per second. Also known as clock speed, a higher number indicates faster, better performance. This means there is a positive correlation between the amount of GHz and the rate a processor is able to process data and instructions.

Number of Cores

As of 2013, the number of cores present in Iaptop processors ranges from one to four. Both companies offer a good selection of single-core and dual-core processors that can be found in laptops or as separate units for building your own machine. For quad-core, Intel’s Core i7 Extreme Processor possesses four cores, while AMD produces the AMD Phenom II Quad-Core Mobile line of processors. Generally, more cores translates to better and faster performance but shorter battery life.

Power Consumption

The amount of electricity consumed by the processor varies greatly and can have a drastic impact on battery life. One of the main disadvantages of mobile computers is the finite amount of time these machines can run on battery power alone. Processors with higher GHz and cores will ultimately consume more power than a single core will. Both Intel and AMD produce low-voltage processors with slower GHz speeds to limit power consumption and increase battery life. However, performance will not be as fast as their higher-voltage counterparts.

References

TechRadar: Intel vs AMD
Computer Hope: GHz
Intel: Intel Processor Comparison

Writer Bio

Adam Brown began his writing career in sports journalism, reporting for his college newspaper, «The Six Mile Post.» He is a graduate of Kennesaw State University, earning his Bachelor of Business Administration in management and currently serves as the Business Manager for Belles Organics.

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Understanding why Russian Elbrus processors are better than AMD and Intel processors

This material was written by a site visitor and rewarded for it.

In Russia, there is a company MCST (Moscow Center for Spark Technologies), which develops domestic Elbrus processors. Their architecture and command system is completely domestic development.

Many quoted technical experts from the Internet present us with information about the complete worthlessness and uselessness of these processors. They approach this issue one-sidedly, evaluate only their performance, and do not consider other important criteria at all. Referring to the conducted comparative tests with outdated processors, for example, with one such as the Intel Core i7 2600, in which Elbrus is several times inferior to it in performance, they put an end to Elbrus.

recommendations

At the same time, without thinking at all that they have a completely different purpose, and they were not developed for playing World of Tanks. Or they argue their conclusions by the fact that even Sberbank refused to use Elbrus-based servers due to their insufficient performance.

And yes, there is no doubt that Elbrus’s performance is extremely low, even compared to the outdated Intel Core i7 2600. So in what ways can Elbrus, given that they are aimed at the state and defense sector, be superior to such monsters as AMD and Intel?

To answer this question, you need to remember what the main requirement is for computing systems that serve the government and defense sectors. This requirement will be information security.

Security holes in AMD and Intel processors

What information security can there be in computing systems based on AMD and Intel processors? That’s right, none. If at the stage of their design and production, companies can freely make hardware bookmarks for any purpose. And after the distribution of these processors around the world, covertly collect the necessary data. A bookmark is a hardware tool hidden in the processor, with the help of which interested parties can access confidential data or remotely control a computer.

In addition, AMD and Intel processors also have a large number of hardware vulnerabilities introduced unintentionally, they are full of holes in this regard.

AMD and Intel recognize the presence of unintentional vulnerabilities in their processors, and constantly publish reports about this.

— AMD Product Security

— AMD Server Vulnerabilities November 2021

— Latest Intel Product Security Information

But this is the server segment, where information security is the holy of holies. And how safe can they be used in the defense sector? But this is the security of our state.

Advantages of Elbrus processors

In Elbrus processors, despite the fact that they are produced at the production facilities of another state, Taiwanese company TSMC, the probability of introducing «bookmarks» tends to zero. Since TSMC is not provided with all documentation for the processor, only the photomask is provided. And it is impossible to determine from a photomask and from its documentation how billions of transistors interact with each other. And without understanding this, it will not be possible to develop and implement any bookmark into the processor. In addition, Elbrus uses “secure computing” technology to detect errors in software that can be used as vulnerabilities. Hardware protection of the processor detects such errors and blocks the possibility of their execution. Also, high information security is ensured by the protected domestic operating system «Alt 8SP» used to work with Elbrus and the architecture of E2K processors, whose roots go back to the USSR.

The main difference between the E2K architecture and others is that the parallelization of threads in it is carried out by a software compiler, which does this much more efficiently than hardware compilers of other architectures. This architecture also supports Windows, though only in emulation mode, converting codes on the fly and losing up to 30% of performance.

Thus, computing systems built on Elbrus processors have every legitimate reason to become the most reliable information security systems. And the decision to choose systems on Elbrus or on AMD and Intel should depend on what criteria the user has in priority, overall performance or information security.

Many will say that in terms of technology they are significantly inferior to other processors.

Yes, in some way it is, the manufacturing process by which the promising Elbrus-16C processor will be produced will be only 16 nm, and the manufacturing process of the previous version of Elbrus-8C is 28 nm, which is both in the first and in the second case, far up to 7 nm AMD Ryzen processors. But even this shortcoming, under certain circumstances, for example, when the processor is operating under conditions of ionizing radiation, which is quite typical for the defense industry, turns out to be an advantage. The fact is that the smaller the physical dimensions of the processor transistors, the fewer atoms of matter in them, and the faster their atomic lattice is destroyed under the influence of radiation. Conversely, larger transistors will be destroyed more slowly, and the overall operation of the processor under the influence of radiation will be longer.

Conclusions

Thus, the result of all of the above is the conclusion that the Elbrus processors are intended for the consumer, whose main priority is information security. First of all, the state and defense sectors can be attributed to this category of consumers. And it is not correct to compare Elbrus with processors from AMD, Intel and others. This is equivalent to comparing the speeds of an excavator and a passenger car moving along the road, both are moving, but the tasks being solved are completely different.

I hope my article was interesting for you. Write in the comments what you think about the expediency of the existence and further development of Elbrus processors.

This material was written by a site visitor and has been rewarded.

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