Intel p3700 review: The PCIe SSD Transition Begins with NVMe

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Introduction & ConsistencySequential Read & Write PerformanceRandom Read/Write Performance & Latency AnalysisMixed Read/Write PerformanceCPU UtilizationPower ConsumptionFinal Words

In 2008 Intel introduced its first SSD, the X25-M, and with it Intel ushered in a new era of primary storage based on non-volatile memory. Intel may have been there at the beginning, but it missed out on most of the evolution that followed. It wasn’t until late 2012, four years later, that Intel showed up with another major controller innovation. The Intel SSD DC S3700 added a focus on IO consistency, which had a remarkable impact on both enterprise and consumer workloads. Once again Intel found itself at the forefront of innovation in the SSD space, only to let others catch up in the coming years. Now, roughly two years later, Intel is back again with another significant evolution of its solid state storage architecture.

Nearly all prior Intel drives, as well as drives of its most qualified competitors have played within the confines of the SATA interface. Designed for and limited by the hard drives that came before it, SSDs used SATA to sneak in and take over the high performance market, but they did so out of necessity, not preference. The SATA interface and the hard drive form factors that went along with it were the sheep’s clothing to the SSD’s wolf. It became clear early on that a higher bandwidth interface was necessary to really give SSDs room to grow.

We saw a quick transition from 3Gbps to 6Gbps SATA for SSDs, but rather than move to 12Gbps SATA only to saturate it a year later most SSD makers set their eyes on PCIe. With PCIe 3. 0 x16 already capable of delivering 128Gbps of bandwidth, it’s clear this was the appropriate IO interface for SSDs. Many SSD vendors saw the writing on the wall initially, but their PCIe based SSD solutions typically leveraged a bunch of SATA SSD controllers behind a PCIe RAID controller. Only a select few PCIe SSD makers developed their own native controllers. Micron was among the first to really push a native PCIe solution with its P320h and P420m drives.

Bandwidth limitations were only one reason to want to ditch SATA. The other bit of legacy that needed shedding was AHCI, the interface protocol for communication between host machines and their SATA HBAs (Host Bus Adaptors). AHCI was designed for a world where low latency NAND based SSDs didn’t exist. It ends up being a fine protocol for communicating with high latency mechanical disks, but one that consumes an inordinate amount of CPU cycles for high performance SSDs.

In the example above, the Linux AHCI stack alone requires around 27,000 cycles. The result is you need 10 Sandy Bridge CPU cores to drive 1 million IOPS. The solution is a new lightweight, low latency interface — one designed around SSDs and not hard drives. The result is NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express otherwise known as NVM Host Controller Interface Specification — NVMHCI). And in the same example, total NVMe overhead is reduced to 10,000 cycles, or roughly 3.5 Sandy Bridge cores needed to drive 1 million IOPS.

NVMe drives do require updated OS/driver support. Windows 8.1 and Server 2012R2 both include NVMe support out of the box, older OSes require the use of a miniport driver to enable NVMe support. Booting to NVMe drives shouldn’t be an issue either. 

NVMe is a standard that seems to have industry support behind it. Samsung already launched its own NVMe drives, SandForce announced NVMe support with its SF3700 and today Intel is announcing a family of NVMe SSDs.

The Intel SSD DC P3700, P3600 and P3500 are all PCIe SSDs that feature a custom Intel NVMe controller. The controller is an evolution of the design used in the S3700/S3500, with improved internal bandwidth via an expanded 18-channel design, reduced internal latencies and NVMe support built in. The controller connects to as much as 2TB of Intel’s own 20nm MLC NAND. The three different drives offer varying endurance and performance needs:

The pricing is insanely competitive for brand new technology. The highest endurance P3700 drive is priced at around $3/GB, which is similar to what enthusiasts were paying for their SSDs not too long ago. The P3600 trades some performance and endurance for $1.95/GB, and the P3500 drops pricing down to $1.495/GB. The P3700 ships with Intel’s highest endurance NAND and highest over provisioning percentage (25% spare area vs. 12% on the P3600 and 7% on the P3500). DRAM capacities range from 512MB to 2.5GB of DDR3L on-board. All drives will be available in half-height, half-length PCIe 3.0 x4 add in cards or 2.5″ SFF-8639 drives.

Gallery: Intel SSD DC P3700 1. 6TB Drive

Intel sent us a 1.6TB DC P3700 for review. Based on Intel’s 400GB drive pricing from the table above, the drive we’re reviewing should retail for $4828.

A cornerstone of Intel’s DC S3700 architecture was its IO consistency. As the P3700 leverages the same basic controller architecture as the S3700, I’d expect a similar IO consistency story. I ran a slightly modified version of our IO consistency test, but the results should still give us some insight into the P3700’s behavior from a consistency standpoint:

IO consistency seems pretty solid, the IOs are definitely not as tightly grouped as we’ve seen elsewhere. The P3700 still appears to be reasonably consistent and it does attempt to increase performance over time.

Sequential Read & Write Performance
Introduction & ConsistencySequential Read & Write PerformanceRandom Read/Write Performance & Latency AnalysisMixed Read/Write PerformanceCPU UtilizationPower ConsumptionFinal Words

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Intel SSD DC P3700: NVMe Enterprise Storage Review — Tom’s Hardware

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PCI Express-based SSDs are nothing new. OCZ and Fusion-io have been pumping them out for years. The interface facilitates freedom from the physical and architectural limitations of SATA. In the past, though, PCIe SSDs were simply SATA-attached drives glued together with an HBA on a single add-in card. There were notable exceptions, such as Micron’s P320h and P420m, which used a native PCIe-to-NAND controller. But most were just brute force attempts at higher performance. Even previous Intel products like the SSD 910 were a group of solid-state devices connected to Hitachi SAS adapters. 

Clearly, they employed a form factor different from the rotating hard drives we’re accustomed to reviewing. But architecturally, PCIe-attached SSDs were still familiar. Some boasted ridiculously fast performance, but they always felt like niche products. There was no one standard binding them together, giving the product class legitimacy.

With the introduction of NVM Express, an official interface specification for accessing solid-state storage through PCI Express, manufacturers now have a set of guidelines that not only releases them from the limitations of AHCI, but also provides a wide range of interoperability benefits. In the next section, we’ll take a deep dive into the specifics of NMVe and its various incarnations. Before that, though, let’s take a look at Intel’s newest NVMe-based drives (the first of their kind to land in Tom’s Hardware’s lab).

Eager to move the dial on NVMe right out of the gate, Intel is introducing a full range of compatible drives. Officially dubbed the SSD DC P3700, P3600, and P3500 the company’s latest represent the same general use cases as their SATA-based predecessors. Mainly, the three product families are differentiated based on write performance and endurance, just as we’ve seen so many times before. Capacities also vary, ranging from 400 GB to a massive 2 TB. All versions are available in either a half-height, half-length (HHHL) PCIe add-in card or a 2.5″, 15 mm-thick SFF-8639 form factor.

Intel SSD DC P3700

Intel SSD DC P3600

Intel SSD DC P3500

*ratings are «up to»

Compared to the performance figures we’re used to seeing in our SSD reviews, these numbers are promising. All three line-ups promise good read performance for both sequential and random operations. Write performance also appears strong, scaling across the trio of product families.

Of course, if you’re already familiar with the existing PCIe-based storage hardware out there, these specifications aren’t as obscene. In fact, contenders like Micron’s P320h and P420m match or exceed many of those bullet points. We even have an OCZ Z-Drive R4 from 2011 that provides similar performance in certain areas.

So, what makes these drives better? In short, cost. The SSD DC P3500 is the most aggressively priced, selling for about $600 at a 400 GB capacity point. The 400 GB P3600 sets you back $783, while the P3700 lands at $1207. For a little bit of perspective, many enterprise-oriented PCIe-based SSDs still command anywhere from $5 to $10 per gigabyte.

For this review, we are focusing on the 800 GB and 1.6 TB Intel SSD DC P3700s. Within each product family, there are big capacity-based differences that typically affect write performance. It’s impressive to see write endurance exceeding 36 PB from that 2 TB model in the table below.

Intel SSD DC P3700 400 GB

Intel SSD DC P3700 800 GB

Intel SSD DC P3700 1600 GB

Before we run the SSD DC P3700 through our test suite, lets take a closer look at the technology behind NVMe.

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Overview Intel SSD DC P3700 NVMe PCIe

goodbye AHCI, long live NVMe

Edition

Hardware News
June 3, 2014, 23:25
I.N.

NVM Express is getting more and more popular. ..

recommendations

Intel today introduced its new DC P3600 and DC P3700 series solid-state drives, made in the form of expansion cards with PCI-Express 3.0 x4 interface, to corporate customers. nine0008

«Devices aimed at the corporate consumer, what interest do they represent for the general user?», the reader will ask. And he turns out to be wrong.

The most direct interest: almost all modern solid state drives are AHCI devices. That’s even the new Plextor M6e. And the presented Intel DC P3600 and DC P3700 are solid-state drives that work with the new NVM Express (NVMe) protocol, which should replace the aforementioned AHCI (Advanced Host Controller Interface). nine0006 According to Intel, this is the end of the AHCI era, and the current DC S3500 and DC S3700 will be the last company products that support this protocol.

Our colleagues from the AnandTech website have already published a review of the 1.6 TB Intel DC P3700, thanks to which you can get acquainted with the novelty in detail. I will just give a couple of photos:

According to them, we see that 20 nm MLC NAND of Intel’s own production is used, but the controller is hidden under the thermal interface. And it is also not indicated in the text of the review.

nine0093 2600 MB/s

recommendations

More recently, Intel 730 drives have become available to retail customers, which are actually refurbished and overclocked DC S3500.