Intel Atom processor — CPU — Tech Explained
Overview
The Intel Atom is a small, inexpensive, energy-efficient
microprocessor that is found in the majority of netbooks shipping
today. Designed by Intel Corp. from the grounds-up and to be introduced
into a wider range of computing environments, Atom and its derivatives
will power many of the low-power computers to be sold in 2009, and
beyond. This HEXUS.help guide explains what Atom is, and how
it’s changing the market.
The background
Recent microprocessor architectures from the two main x86
players, Intel and AMD, have focussed on using one basic design for the
server, client, and mobile sectors. For example, the incumbent Intel
Penryn architecture can be found in the enterprise space under the Xeon
brand, in the client area under Core 2 Duo/Quad, and in the mobile
sector under the Mobile Core 2 Duo/Quad branding.
Derivating from one core architecture simplifies engineering
and manufacturing but means that there is relatively limited scope for
designing really low-power chips, because only so many parts of the
chips, which draws some 125W in server form, can be switched off before
its performance irrevocably stalls.
This is why the Current Mobile Core 2 range has a TDP
– which can be thought of as maximum power-draw –
of 5.5W. However, most present mobile chips found in the vast majority
of mid-range laptops have a TDP of 25/35W – leading to
laptops consuming between 40W and 50W when under load. This kind of
power-draw is not conducive for day-long battery life in a small, thin
notebook.
In effect, as of 2008, both Intel and AMD’s mobile
chips clearly weren’t designed to be both power-frugal and
cheap to produce. A new architecture was required if either company
wanted to exploit a marketing opportunity for thin, light, and
inexpensive notebooks.
In that sense, Intel’s Atom can be
thought of as the harbinger of the present netbook.
Intel’s Atom series of processors, released in early
2008, have been specifically designed for low-power usage, but
that’s manifested with performance that’s
considerably slower than even the most-basic Mobile Core 2 chip, so how
does it work?
The architecture
Atom is based on a 45nm manufacturing process and features an
in-order execution architecture, which can be slower at computing than
the out-of-order execution used by Intel and AMD’s
better-performing chips. The Atom range is vast, encompassing single-
and dual-core models, available with and without the performance
benefits of HyperThreading. All Atom chips run Intel Architecture
(IA-32) code, although only a handful have been enabled for 64-bit
operation. Clock-speeds range from 800MHz to 1,600MHz and, crucially,
TDP values range from just 0.
65W to 8W.
Putting the performance into context, the popular
1.6GHz-clocked Atom N270, found in a number of netbooks, returns a
CINEBENCH R10 score of around 820 marks. A mid-range Mobile Core 2 Duo
P8400 benchmarks at around 4,700 marks – almost six times
higher!
Given that performance is generally analogous to mobile chips
from 2005, which is just good enough for a basic Internet experience,
one of the main associated benefits of Atom is how relatively cheap it
is to produce.
The aforementioned Intel Atom N270 has a total of 47m
transistors, based on a die-size of 25mm². Compare this with
the 82mm² for the Mobile Core 2 Duo P8400 and it’s
clear that a far greater number can be manufactured on a standard 300mm
wafer – some 2,500, in fact, and 11x greater than Mobile Core
2 Duos.
The range
As we mentioned earlier, Atom is an umbrella term to cover
these low-power, inexpensive-to-produce chips.
The range is currently
segregated into Atoms designed for the desktop and netbooks –
codenamed Diamondville – and those for smaller mobile devices
which require a lower power envelope – dubbed Silverthorne.
Intel’s current nomenclature is such that N-series chips are for
desktop and ntebook, and Z-series for MIDs.
The following list highlights the major processors in the
range, along with pertinent statistics.
|
Model number
|
Cores
|
Frequency
|
L2 cache
|
HyperThreading
|
TDP
|
64-bit
|
Price per 1K
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Atom 230
|
1
|
1,600MHz
|
512KB
|
Yes
|
4W
|
Yes
|
$29
|
|
Atom 330
|
2
|
1,600MHz
|
1,024KB
|
Yes
|
8W
|
Yes
|
$43
|
|
Atom N270
|
1
|
1,600MHz
|
512KB
|
Yes
|
2.
|
No
|
$44
|
|
Atom N280
|
1
|
1,666MHz
|
512KB
|
Yes
|
2.5W
|
No
|
$49
|
|
Atom Z500
|
1
|
800MHz
|
512KB
|
No
|
0.
|
No
|
$20
|
|
Atom Z510
|
1
|
1,100MHz
|
512KB
|
No
|
2W
|
No
|
$20
|
|
Atom Z510P
|
1
|
1,100MHz
|
512KB
|
Yes
|
2W
|
No
|
$29
|
|
Atom Z550
|
1
|
2,000MHz
|
512KB
|
Yes
|
2.
|
No
|
$49
|
5W
65W
4WPragmatically, the Atom N270 is the same as the 230 model,
save for no 64-bit support and a lower power-draw. There is only one
dual-core Atom chip currently available, the 330, and the die-size is
exactly double that of chips.
Chipsets
Atom CPUs interface with the system using either PBGA437 or
PBGA441 sockets. What this means is that new supporting core-logics are
required, and Intel has cashed-in by bundling its archaic mobile
9-series chipsets with Atom.
The initial batch of Atom chips were connected to the i945G
chipset, which consumed as much as 22W on its own. More recently,
netbook manufacturers have used the improved i945GSE chipset that pulls
considerably less power, at 8W. The trouble with both chipsets lies
with the integrated graphics – GMA950 – that can
only be considered as poor for gaming purposes.
Intel has released an
updated core-logic, GN40, which provides better features, but
it’s only available with the Atom N280 chip. Even then, the
graphics component of GN40 is specified on very few machines.
ION
NVIDIA, the graphics giant, has seen the intrinsic benefit of
Atom-powered devices and has designed its ION platform around them. ION
refers to the mating of the Atom CPU with NVIDIA’s integrated
GeForce 9400M graphics, and the purpose is to provide a far more
comprehensive multimedia and gaming feature-set than Intel’s
supporting core-logic.
ION’s graphics enables basic game-play at a
1,024×600 resolution – common to netbooks – and
provide GPU acceleration for multimedia CODECs such as VC-1 and H.264,
but enabling them requires separate programs to be installed on the
operating system.
Usage, and netbooks
An understanding of the architecture behind Atom highlights
that the chip and supporting core-logic combination, which provide
low-power, inexpensive computing, are a good fit for small, cheap
computers.
This is why Atom powers the nascent segment that’s
known as the netbook.
Netbooks are thin, light laptops, usually weighing around 1kg,
that ship with the Atom N270 chip and, now, Intel i945GSE graphics.
Shipping with a 10in screen with a 1,024×600 resolution, small-capacity
SSD, and no optical drive, prices start at £150, rising to
£300 for models with larger hard drives, batteries, and
better features. NVIDIA’s ION-equipped netbooks are beginning
to appear, promising better 3D performance. Expect them to cost
£250-plus in h3 2009.
The same core technology has been taken by manufacturers and
positioned in nettops, which can be thought of as netbooks but without
a screen. These also-low-power machines start at £175, with
ION-equipped models now available for £200.
Summary
Intel’s Atom chips have revolutionised the way that
many of us view computing. Eschewing power for portability and low
prices, Atom-powered computers are a decent fit for Internet-centric
devices that serve as second or even third PCs.
The proviso is that the
overall performance, from both CPU and graphics, may be found wanting
if the user engages in vigorous multi-tasking.
Sponsored by SCAN
Intel Unveils New Atom x6000E and 11th Gen Core CPUs for IoT and Edge Uses
September 23, 2020 by Todd R. Weiss
All-new Intel Atom e6000E and 11th Generation Intel Core processors aimed at AI, IoT and industrial uses were launched Sept. 23 at the company’s Intel Industrial Summit 2020 virtual event.
Built to expand and solidify Intel’s market share in the growing IoT, edge and industrial markets, the new products feature designs and architectures aimed to meet the needs of a wide range of Intel customers, John Healy, the vice president of Intel’s internet of things group, told Enterprise AI. Healy, who is also the company’s general manager of platform management and customer engineering, said the new releases were designed by partnering with leaders in vertical markets where Intel does much of its business to help customers deliver new products.
“11th Gen Intel Core processors, Intel Atom x6000E Series, and Intel Pentium and Celeron N and J Series processors represent our most significant step forward yet in enhancements for IoT … while setting the foundation for capabilities with advancements in AI and 5G,” said Healy.
The latest CPUs lay out a roadmap for fulfilling customer requirements for the IoT and 5G products and services that are still yet to come, he said. To meet these goals and requirements for customers, Intel engineers built all the new chips using differentiated and targeted IoT, 5G and industrial designs at the silicon level, said Healy.
11th Gen Core Processors for IoT
The new 11th Gen Core processors are enhanced to meet the needs of IoT applications that require high-speed processing, computer vision and low-latency deterministic computing. Delivering up to a 23% performance gain in single-thread performance compared to previous 10th Gen Core CPUs, the new chips also provide a 19% gain in multithread performance and up to a 2.
95x performance gain in graphics compared to the last generation. New dual-video decoder boxes allow the processor to ingest up to 40 simultaneous video streams at 1080p 30 frames per second and output up to four channels of 4K or two channels of 8K video, while AI-inferencing algorithms can run on up to 96 graphic execution units (INT8) or run on the CPU with vector neural network instructions (VNNI) built in.
The processors use the 3rd-generation Intel 10 nm microarchitecture and can include two or four processing cores and up to 96 graphics execution units. The chips support DDR4 and LPDDR4x memory, with optional In-Band ECC.
The latest 11th Gen processors are built to fill performance needs in a wide range of markets, including mission-critical industrial control systems, industrial PCs and human-machine interfaces, as well as in retail, banking and hospitality where intelligent and immersive digital signage, interactive kiosks and automated checkouts require more computing power.
Other markets include healthcare, where next-generation medical imaging devices with high-resolution displays and AI-powered diagnostics require better architectures, and smart cities, where network video recorders with onboard AI inferencing and analytics also need specialized computing power.
New Atom x6000E Processors for IoT
The latest Atom x6000E Series and several IoT-focused Intel Pentium and Celeron N and J Series processors make up Intel’s first processor platform that’s built with specific enhancements for IoT. These chips deliver enhanced real-time performance and efficiency, with 3D graphics that are as much as 2x better than previous versions. The chips use a dedicated real-time offload engine; an Intel Programmable Services Engine, which supports out-of-band and in-band remote device management; and enhanced I/O and storage options. The chips support 4Kp60 resolution on up to three simultaneous displays and include built-in hardware-based security.
These chips include two- or four-core options ranging from 1.0 GHz to 1.9 GHz (high-frequency mode) with burst frequencies up to 3.0 GHz, and support 4×32 LPDDR4 memory.
‘An Important Step for Intel’
Jack E. Gold, president and principal analyst for research firm J. Gold Associates, LLC, said the Intel chip announcements are being made at a critical time in the IoT, 5G and industrial marketplaces.
“This is an important step for Intel as it brings hardware accelerated AI to the edge,” said Gold. “The edge computing world will grow dramatically over the next two to three years, as not only IoT systems, but distributed edge-cloud based systems proliferate.”
And with all of the data acquired by systems at the edge, it makes the most sense to process it as close to the acquisition point as possible, said Gold. “It’s highly likely that an AI capability will be needed to maximize the actionable intelligence available from the data. Intel has the advantage of having a uniform x86 Intel architecture across their devices from large data center targeted high end Xeons, all the way down to Atom.
”
For developers, that means the processors can be compatible with a developer’s software throughout the entire stack of processors, even though some of the AI acceleration won’t be as effective at the low end as at the high end, said Gold. “And the low end AI accelerated Atoms should also be advantageous for embedded systems,” including security cameras, network controllers and more for localized process acceleration. “That means Intel may have an answer to the proliferation of ARM-based processors in the IoT world, that can keep it competitive there.”
The Intel Industrial Summit, which continues on Sept. 24, focuses on products and technologies geared for the edge market, which is expected to be a $65 billion silicon opportunity by 2023, according to the company. Intel’s revenue in the space grew more than 20% to $9.5 billion in 2018.
Categories: AI/ML/DL, Datacenter, Edge/IOT, Healthcare, Life Sciences, Manufacturing, Retail, Sectors, Security, Silicon, Software, Systems
Tags:
5G,AI,CPUs,industrial computing,Intel,iot
3rd Generation Intel Atom — congatec
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Embedded in your success
[ Computer-on-Modules | Single-Board-Computers | Customized Boards ]
For the industrial automation industry , German module specialist congatec has launched an ultra-compact COM (Computer-on-Module) in the proven Qseven form factor equipped with the single-chip E3800 Intel® Atom™ processor family (codenamed Bay Trail).
Thanks to its low power draw, the module is ideal for enclosed x86-based industrial applications demanding small footprints and low power consumption.
For a long time the use of embedded computers in industrial automation was limited to singular control systems and large, backplane-based modular computer systems. In recent years, however, a shift has taken place towards compact yet powerful computer systems based on COMs. The benefits are compelling: System manufacturers no longer need to worry about developing the latest computer systems because they can now buy pre-integrated mature and turnkey systems from their module suppliers. This allows them to concentrate on their core competence as mechanical engineers, building optimized interface connections on a separate carrier board for specific tasks, and developing the necessary software.
Currently, the most commonly used COM standards for new developments are COM Express and Qseven. The older ETX standard and its update XTX are gradually losing relevance.
This is of little wonder since these older standards are still based exclusively on the parallel bus architectures of the late 90s. While COM Express is currently migrating from the older Type 2 to the Type 6 pinout to accommodate the latest serial bus variants, the Qseven standard is completely legacy-free. Now with version 2.0 this standard also supports ARM processors. Qseven is designed as a compact, small footprint standard with strictly defined thermal and mechanical interfaces that limit heat dissipation (Thermal Design Power, TDP) to a maximum of 12 Watts. For this reason, only processors from the AMD G-Series and Intel’s Atom family have been used to date.
While previous Atom processors were known for their low power draw, their performance was fairly limited. This was due to several reasons: the microarchitecture changed little since the introduction of the Atom family, based on the Silverthorne microarchitecture, more than five years ago and there were no tick-tock cycles (annually alternating updates of microarchitecture and manufacturing technology) as with Core i-Series processors.
Developments included only a few extensions (Intel64 instruction set, dual core, hyperthreading, HD capable graphics) and adjustments to the manufacturing process. The graphics performance of the previous graphics processor, missing out-of-order execution (a more efficient way of processing internal data flow) and the absence of a turbo mode led to a growing gap to the more powerful models of the Core i-Series and a decline in competitiveness against the growing competition of AMD processors. Moreover, since large parts of the existing x86 software are optimized for out-of-order execution, this frequently caused incompatibilities that meant additional programming and debugging effort.
Redesign gives new Atom processor more power
The migration to the new Silvermont microarchitecture with many useful, well-known Core i-Series processor extensions, the introduction of out-of-order execution to accelerate data flow computation and more competitive graphics with DirectX 11 and OpenGL 3.
2 support bring the new Atom processors technologically back to the leading edge. The performance gap between previous Atom processors and Core i processors filled by AMD in the past can now be closed by Intel itself with the new Bay Trail-I family of Atom processors. Their features and capabilities offer an ideal progression from the lower performance end of the current Ivy Bridge generation. Thanks to leading-edge 22 nm tri-gate manufacturing technology, it is possible to offer low power consumption with competitive performance at attractive prices. Intel claims to achieve triple performance for equal power consumption or five times less power consumption for equal performance compared to previous Atom processors. For the first time, Atom processors are now also available as quad-core processors. These extend the range of current dual-core processors with hyperthreading, which is no longer available for new Atom processors. The newly introduced Burst Technology allows individual cores within the thermal budget and the graphics to be clocked much higher dependent on the load, which leads to further increases in achievable peak performance.
The graphics is based on the Intel Gen7 graphics, as used in the HD3000 of the Ivy Bridge generation. It supports current DirectX version 11 and OpenGL in version 3.2, as well as hardware encoding and decoding of HD video. However, it provides only 4, instead of 16, execution units resulting in a corresponding performance drop at approximately the same clock frequencies. Despite the marked difference to the i-Series processors, the performance is still an order of magnitude better than previous models and sufficient for most industrial applications.
With AES-NI, Atom processors for the first time are offering hardware support for the widely used AES encryption algorithm. It is now also possible with an Atom processor to encrypt or decrypt data stored or to be transmitted in real-time without significantly burdening the CPU. This is particularly important when using semiconductor mass storage devices (SSDs), since it is virtually impossible to erase data completely on these devices.
Intel® VT-x virtualization technology and thermal monitoring are also supported. The new and improved power management supports power saving modes up to C6 plus Intel SpeedStep® technology. The latter was supported by some previous models as well. For added security, a Secure Boot option enables the designation of specific boot loaders in the active UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) to prevent the loading of malfunctioning software or other unwanted or unauthorized programs.
With USB3.0, embedded DisplayPort (eDP), SATA Gen2 and PCI Express Gen2, the new Atom processors are now equipped with all modern interfaces on-chip, thereby providing a true System-on-Chip (SoC).
Perfect for small footprint industrial uses and passive cooling: The new conga-QA3 module in an ultra compact Qseven format
As a long-standing Intel partner and founder of the well-established worldwide Qseven standard, German computer module specialist congatec is in a position to offer the new conga-QA3 Qseven COM at the time of Intel’s new processor generation launch.
Customers receive not only a high-performance module measuring only 70×70 mm², but also all related carrier boards and development systems including software and support for the development of their own systems.
The features of the conga-QA3 in detail:
The conga-QA3 is currently available with single-core to quad-core embedded processor versions of the Intel Atom E3800 family, as well as matching embedded Celeron processors. In the future, the embedded Celeron will also include affordable volume models of Intel’s Bay Trail family. What all these processors have in common is that they are all executed as single-chip processors, with graphics and appropriate chipsets pre-integrated in the housing. Another important advantage for embedded users is the long-term availability of processors and modules of at least seven years.
The module supports fast dual-channel DDR3L memory up to 8GB and up to 4GB in single-channel mode for the low-end versions. Current modules are shipped with 2GB dual-channel DDR3L memory with a capacity of 1,333 MT/sec.
4GB of eMMC Flash are available as standard mass storage which can be used as an SSD and boot device.
The integrated graphics, which is considerably more powerful than earlier models, supports DirectX 11.0, OpenGL 3.2, hardware encoding/decoding of different standards in full HD, including H.264, and two independent, high-resolution display interfaces with resolutions of 1920×1200 pixels (eDP/LVDS/HDMI) and 2560×1600 pixels (DisplayPort).
Thanks to native USB 3.0 support, the module provides fast data transmission with low power consumption. A total of six USB 2.0 ports plus one USB 3.0 SuperSpeed port are provided. Two SATA 3G ports with up to 3 Gb/s and a Gigabit Ethernet interface enable fast and flexible system extensions. Active fan control, LPC bus for easy integration of legacy I/O interfaces, I²C bus, Intel® High Definition Audio and UART and SPI interfaces round off the feature set. An onboard integrated Feature Connector provides an additional MIPI-compatible (Mobile Industry Processor Interface) camera interface.
Supported operating systems include Windows 8, Windows 7, and embedded Linux.
Markets and applications
Thanks to its compact size and high performance with low power consumption, the conga-QA3 is particularly well suited for applications that require a small footprint and passive cooling. For instance, highly compatible, high-performance x86-based embedded systems for harsh industrial applications can be hermetically sealed in pocket book size. The small footprint and powerful serial communication architecture enable easy and cost effective implementation of high-performance systems. Long-term availability of chip and COM of at least 7 years, combined with high reliability due to the exclusive use of ceramic capacitors, make the conga-QA3 the perfect solution for safe and reliable operation over an extended temperature range and in harsh industrial environments. Full x86 code compatibility and minimum power consumption present a definite advantage over comparable ARM-based systems.
Existing x86 applications can continue to be used without the need to laboriously port them to a new platform. The integrated HD and touch-sensitive graphics which supports two independent, high-resolution displays further enables typical applications such as display PCs and touch screen machine controllers. For safety-critical applications, the increased performance now allows the use of modern virtualization technologies, such as a hypervisor, while built-in AES-NI hardware support guarantees secure data encryption without overloading the CPU.
A look into the future
The new Atom generation finally closes the performance gap between previous Atom processors and the high-performance but power-hungry processors of the Core i-Series. It considerably widens the range of applications in which the <link>Qseven standard can be used and comes at an extremely attractive price. For industrial users, it opens up new application areas for which there was simply not enough power in the past because of the TDP limit of 12 Watts.
For customers who wish to scale up their product portfolio further or who are already using COMs, congatec also offers modules based on the new Atom processors in the proven <link>COM Express Compact form factor. In the future, <link>Qseven will be the first choice for newcomers to modular technology when it comes to designing energy-saving, ultra-compact applications with passive cooling. As an expert in modular technology, congatec supports both standards and can give unbiased advice to clients.
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Atom N450 processor [in 8 benchmarks]
Intel
Atom N450
- Interface
- Core frequency
- Video memory size
- Memory type
- Memory frequency
- Maximum resolution
Description
Intel started Intel Atom N450 sales on December 21, 2009 at a suggested price of $64. This is a Pinetrail architecture notebook processor primarily aimed at home systems.
It has 1 core and 2 threads and is manufactured using 45 nm process technology, the maximum frequency is 1660 MHz, the multiplier is locked.
In terms of compatibility, this is a processor for the FCBGA559 socket with a TDP of 5.5W. It supports DDR2 memory.
We don’t have any test results for the Atom N450.
General
Information about the type (for desktops or laptops) and architecture of the Atom N450, as well as when sales started and cost at that time.
| Place in the performance rating | does not participate | |
| Cache 1 level | 64 KB (on the kernel) | (Epyc Embeded 3401) |
| CASh 2 levels of level 2 levels of level 2 level 51 of 12288 (Core 2 QUAD Q9550) | ||
| CASH 3rd level | 0 KB | |
| Demand Based Switching | — |
Security
Technologies embedded in the Atom N450 that increase system security, such as those designed to protect against hacking.
| TXT | — | |
| EDB | +
| 0044 |
|
Virtualization technologies
The technologies supported by Atom N450 that speed up the operation of virtual machines are listed.
| VT -D | — | |||
| VT -X | — |
| RAM | DDR2 | out of 5200 (Ryzen 5 7600x) | ||
| Permissible memory volume | 2 GB |
| GPU | Intel GMA 3150 |
Benchmarks
1
These are the results of the Atom N450 performance tests in non-gaming benchmarks. The total score is set from 0 to 100, where 100 corresponds to the fastest processor at the moment.
- Passmark
- GeekBench 5 Single-Core
- GeekBench 5 Multi-Core
- Cinebench 10 32-bit single-core
- Cinebench 10 32-bit multi-core
- 3DMark06 CPU
- Cinebench 11.5 64-bit multi-core
Passmark
Passmark CPU Mark is a widely used benchmark that consists of 8 different tests, including integer and floating point calculations, extended instruction tests, compression, encryption, and game physics calculations. Also includes a separate single-threaded test.
Benchmark coverage: 68%
Atom N450
198
GeekBench 5 Single-Core
GeekBench 5 Single-Core is a cross-platform application designed as CPU benchmarks that independently recreate certain real world tasks that can accurately measure performance.
This version uses only one processor core.
Benchmark coverage: 37%
Atom N450
72
GeekBench 5 Multi-Core
GeekBench 5 Multi-Core is a cross-platform application designed as CPU benchmarks that independently recreate certain real world tasks that can accurately measure performance. This version uses all available processor cores.
Benchmark coverage: 37%
Atom N450
114
Cinebench 10 32-bit single-core
Cinebench R10 is a very outdated ray tracing benchmark for processors developed by the authors of Cinema 4D — Maxon. The Single-Core version uses a single CPU thread to render a futuristic motorcycle model.
Benchmark coverage: 20%
Atom N450
560
Cinebench 10 32-bit multi-core
Cinebench Release 10 Multi Core is a variant of Cinebench R10 that uses all processor threads. The possible number of threads in this version is limited to 16.
Benchmark coverage: 19%
Atom N450
865
3DMark06 CPU
3DMark06 is an outdated set of benchmarks based on DirectX 9 by Futuremark. Its processor part contains two tests, one of which calculates the pathfinding of game AI, the other emulates game physics using the PhysX package.
Benchmark coverage: 19%
Atom N450
494
Cinebench 11.5 64-bit multi-core
Cinebench Release 11.5 Multi Core is a variant of Cinebench R11.5 that uses all processor threads. This version supports a maximum of 64 threads.
Benchmark coverage: 17%
Atom N450
0
Other processors
Here we recommend several processors that are more or less similar in performance to the reviewed one.
Recommended video cards
According to our statistics, these video cards are most often used with Atom N450:
Graphics Media
Accelerator (GMA) 3150
50.
2%
GMA
3150
19.1%
HD
Graphics 4000
2.3%
GMA
3100
2.3%
UHD
Graphics 630
2.3%
Radeon RX
Vega 8
1.9%
HD
Graphics 3000
1.9%
HD
Graphics 520
1.6%
HD
Graphics 500
1.2%
Pineview
1.2%
User rating
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Tips and comments
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Brief biography of the Intel Atom family / Sudo Null IT News
Over the past year, a number of literally galactic cataclysms have occurred in the universe of Intel Atom processors, both destructive and creative. As a result, it was, one might say, completely rebuilt. In this post, we will recall the history of Intel Atom, talk about the latest events associated with them, and in conclusion, we will get acquainted with new models from this family, more similar to Intel Xeon.
Intel Atom was conceived by Intel as a budget solution with minimal power consumption for various kinds of mobile devices. The first Atom appeared in 2008, it was made using 45 nm technology, over time the process technology was reduced to 14 nm.
The success of Atom processors varied greatly depending on their application. So, some of them definitely appeared at the right time and became widespread in the then newfangled «netbooks» («laptops for networking»). Such netbooks did not work quickly compared to laptops on Core processors, but they were cheap, compact, did not have a cooler (and the problems associated with it), and sold well. Recall at least the super popular ASUS Eee PC 901, and we note that netbooks were produced by such reputable manufacturers as HP, Lenovo, Dell and Sony.
ASUS Eee PC 901
Much less successful was the fate of the Intel Atom as an x86 competitor to ARM processors for smartphones and tablets. Although there is a very noticeable result here — the release in 2015 of Microsoft Surface 3 with an Intel Atom x7-Z8700 processor.
It should be noted that Intel has done a lot in this key area — the mobile Atoms of the latest generation, which appeared in 2013-2014, have gone far from their first ancestors in terms of performance, and in terms of capabilities they have come close to Intel Core: they have been completely updated graphics core — Intel HD Graphics, microarchitecture changed to out of order execution, SSE4 vector instructions added.
However, interest in Atoms from manufacturers was moderate: despite decent energy efficiency figures (as stated by highly respected resources), the operational benefits were not significant enough to start a large-scale platform change movement. The financial issue also played an important role here: Intel Atom was still more expensive than its ARM rivals.
By 2013, about a dozen models of Atom-based smartphones were announced, some of which never went into production. In our country, the Orange San Diego smartphone branded by Megafon was sold under the Mint brand.
Megaphone Mint
Intel actively promoted the Android x86 platform among developers: it created development tools, published educational materials, and held events. Moreover, a unique binary translator was created that worked on all Atom-based Android mobile devices and translated ARM code into x86 instructions on the fly with almost no performance loss.
However, as mentioned above, few Atom-based devices were released (compared to the number of ARM devices on the market), which led to a vicious circle — independent developers were in no hurry to release new x86-exclusive applications for these few devices, and device manufacturers, in turn, were in no hurry to release new models due to the lack of unique applications.
In addition, the theoretical competitive advantage of Atom — the ability to run desktop applications on mobile devices of the same architecture — did not work. Firstly, applications still had to be ported simply because of the mismatch between desktop and mobile OS (Windows or MacOS -> Android) and form factors, and usually it turned out to be even more difficult than a possible transition from x86 to ARM; and secondly, during the reign of ARM in the mobile market, all companies that wanted to create mobile versions of their desktop products have already done this for ARM devices, so the advent of x86 only added to them the hassle — the need to create and maintain application versions for different CPU.
Be that as it may, in the global reorganization of 2016, the direction of Atom for mobile devices was cut down to the root.
However, the work of the creators of processors was not in vain. A new direction has appeared at Intel, which has gradually become one of the key ones: the “Internet of Things”.
It is the set of components of the «Internet of Things» that is the optimal consumer of the Atom family of processors with their low power consumption and a wide range of characteristics. Thus we imperceptibly approached our time.
To date, Intel has released a huge number of Intel Atom models, but there are not so many of them that are relevant. First of all, this is the newly announced E3900 series (you can see its comparative table above). The series is designed to close the need for high-performance hubs of the «Internet of Things» (more modest requests are designed to satisfy the Intel Galileo, Edison and Curie platforms).
However, this is not yet the limit of Atom’s «pumping». Here we come to a new announcement. The “server” Atom C2000 line of the distant 2013 model is being replaced by the C3000 series, which is designed to raise the performance of Intel Atom to new heights. The flagship of the series will be a 16-core model — there have never been so many cores in Atom.
At the same time, all the «proprietary» features — energy efficiency and affordable price for server models — remain unchanged. So far, information is available about one of the younger models of the series — the C3338 processor. Announcements of the rest are expected in the second half of 2017. vs 22nm
2MB vs 1MB
4W vs 84W
0.5MB/core vs 0.25MB/core
- 2.14x higher CPU speed?
4 x 3GHz vs 4 x 1.4GHz - GPU frequency 150MHz more?
350MHz vs 200MHz - 1GHz higher turbo clock speed?
3.2GHz vs 2.2GHz - 24GB more max memory?
32GB vs 8GB - Has AVX?
- 500MHz faster GPU turbo speed?
1100MHz vs 600MHz - Has F16C?
- 8 more GPU execution units?
20 vs 12
What are the most popular comparisons?
Intel Atom x5-Z8500
vs
Intel Celeron N3350
Intel Core i5-4430
vs
Intel Pentium Gold G5400
Intel Atom x5-Z8500
vs
Intel Celeron N3060
Intel Core i5-4430
vs
AMD FX-4300
Intel Atom x5-Z8500
vs
Intel Celeron N3450
Intel Core i5-4430
vs
5
AMD FX-6300
Intel ATOM X5-Z8500
VS
Intel Atom X5 Z8550
Intel Core i5-4430
VS
Intel I3-6100
INTEM X5 -Z
Intel Celeron N4020
Intel Core i5-4430
vs
Intel Core i5-3570
Intel Atom x5-Z8500
vs
Intel Atom Z3735F
Intel Core i5-4430
vs
Intel Core i5-5675R
Intel ATOM X5-Z8500
VS
Intel Core M-5Y10C
Intel Core i5-4430
VS
Intel Core I7-37705
VS 9000 VS 9000 VS 9000 VS 9000 VS 9000 VS 9000 VS 9000 VS 9000 VS
Intel Core i5-4430
VS
Intel Core i7-4770
Intel ATOM X5-Z8500
Intel Core i3-2365M
Intel Core i5-4430 9000 VS 9000 VS 9000 VS
INTL
Intel Atom x5-Z8500
VS
Intel Core M5-6Y57
Intel Core i5-4430
VS
Intel Core i3-4330
Classes
Total rating
ENTEM X5 -Z
Intel Atom x5-Z8500
8.
0 /10
1 User reviews
Intel Core i5-4430
0 User reviews
Intel3 Core i5-40001019 0.0 /10
0 Reviews of users
Functions
The price ratio
7.0 /10
1 Votes
Reviews is not yet
Games
3.0 /10
1 VOTES
reviews not yet
performance
7.0 /10
1 Votes
reviews yet there are no
Reliability
9000 9000
019 8.0 /10
1 Votes
Reviews not yet
Energy efficiency
10.0 /10
1 Votes
Reviews still not
1. RESPONSION x 1.4GHz
4 x 3GHz
CPU speed indicates how many processing cycles per second a processor can perform, considering all its cores (processors). It is calculated by adding the clock speeds of each core or, in the case of multi-core processors, each group of cores.
2.processor thread
More threads result in better performance and better multitasking.
3.speed turbo clock
2.2GHz
3.2GHz
When the processor is running below its limits, it can jump to a higher clock speed to increase performance.
4. Has unlocked multiplier
✖Intel Atom x5-Z8500
✖Intel Core i5-4430
Some processors come with an unlocked multiplier and are easier to overclock, allowing for better performance in games and other applications.
5.L2 Cache
More L2 scratchpad memory results in faster results in CPU and system performance tuning.
6.L3 cache
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
More L3 scratchpad memory results in faster results in CPU and system performance tuning.
7.
L1 cache
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
More L1 scratchpad memory results in faster results in CPU and system performance tuning.
8.core L2
0.5MB/core
0.25MB/core
More data can be stored in the L2 scratchpad for access by each processor core.
9. L3 core
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
1.5MB/core
More data can be stored in L3 scratchpad for access by each processor core.
Memory
1.RAM speed
1600MHz
1600MHz
Can support faster memory which speeds up system performance.
2.max memory bandwidth
25.6GB/s
25.6GB/s
This is the maximum rate at which data can be read from or stored in memory.
3rd DDR memory version
Unknown.
Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Core i5-4430)
DDR (Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) is the most common type of RAM. New versions of DDR memory support higher maximum speeds and are more energy efficient.
4 memory channels
More memory channels increase the speed of data transfer between memory and processor.
5.Maximum memory
Maximum memory (RAM).
6.bus baud rate
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Core i5-4430)
The bus is responsible for transferring data between various components of a computer or device.
7. Supports memory debug code
✖Intel Atom x5-Z8500
✖Intel Core i5-4430
Memory debug code can detect and repair data corruption.
It is used when necessary to avoid distortion, such as in scientific computing or when starting a server.
8.eMMC version
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Core i5-4430)
A newer version of eMMC — built-in flash memory card — speeds up the memory interface, has a positive effect on device performance, for example, when transferring files from a computer to internal memory via USB.
9.bus frequency
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Core i5-4430)
The bus is responsible for transferring data between various components of a computer or device
Geotagging
1. PassMark result
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
This benchmark measures processor performance using multithreading.
2nd PassMark result (single)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
This test measures processor performance using a thread of execution.
3.Geekbench 5 result (multi-core)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Core i5-4430)
Geekbench 5 is a cross-platform benchmark that measures the performance of a multi-core processor. (Source: Primate Labs, 2022)
4. Cinebench R20 result (multi-core)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Core i5-4430)
Cinebench R20 is a benchmark that measures the performance of a multi-core processor by rendering a 3D scene.
5.Cinebench R20 result (single core)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
Unknown.
Help us offer a price. (Intel Core i5-4430)
Cinebench R20 is a test to evaluate the performance of a single core processor when rendering a 3D scene.
6.Geekbench 5 result (single core)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Core i5-4430)
Geekbench 5 is a cross-platform benchmark that measures the single-core performance of a processor. (Source: Primate Labs, 2022)
7. Blender test result (bmw27)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Core i5-4430)
Blender benchmark (bmw27) measures CPU performance by rendering a 3D scene. More powerful processors can render a scene in a shorter time.
8.Blender result (classroom)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
Unknown. Help us offer a price.
(Intel Core i5-4430)
The Blender (classroom) benchmark measures CPU performance by rendering a 3D scene. More powerful processors can render a scene in a shorter time.
9.performance per watt
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Core i5-4430)
This means that the processor is more efficient, resulting in more performance per watt of power used.
Functions
1.uses multithreading
✖Intel Atom x5-Z8500
✖Intel Core i5-4430
physical processor core into logical cores, also known as threads. Thus, each core can run two instruction streams at the same time.
2. Has AES
✔Intel Atom x5-Z8500
✔Intel Core i5-4430
AES is used to speed up encryption and decryption.
3. Has AVX
✖Intel Atom x5-Z8500
✔Intel Core i5-4430
AVX is used to help speed up calculations in multimedia, scientific and financial applications, and to improve the performance of the Linux RAID program.
4.Version SSE
SSE is used to speed up multimedia tasks such as editing images or adjusting audio volume. Each new version contains new instructions and improvements.
5.Has F16C
✖Intel Atom x5-Z8500
✔Intel Core i5-4430
F16C is used to speed up tasks such as image contrast adjustment or volume control.
6 bits transmitted at the same time
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Atom x5-Z8500)
Unknown. Help us offer a price. (Intel Core i5-4430)
NEON provides faster media processing such as MP3 listening.
7. Has MMX
✔Intel Atom x5-Z8500
✔Intel Core i5-4430
MMX is used to speed up tasks such as adjusting image contrast or adjusting volume.
8.Has TrustZone
✖Intel Atom x5-Z8500
✖Intel Core i5-4430
The technology is integrated into the processor to ensure device security when using features such as mobile payments and streaming video using digital rights management technology ( DRM).