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The Secret Boost of the Opteron 2224

by Johan De Gelason August 6, 2007 3:00 AM EST

  • Posted in
  • IT Computing

30 Comments
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30 Comments

IndexA Closer Look at AMD’s Newest OfferingThanks and Testing SetupTyan Transport TA26The Secret Boost of the Opteron 2224SPECjbb2005MySQLRender ServersSoftware RenderingWinRAR 3.62PowerConclusion

The Secret Boost of the Opteron 2224

Socket F Opterons have a small secret weapon: a speed bump offers more than just a faster CPU. To understand this, take a look at the table below. We measured the L2 cache’s bandwidth with Lavalys Everest 3.51.







Lavalys Everest 3.51 L2 Bandwidth
  Read (MB/s) Write (MB/s) Copy (MB/s)
Dual Xeon 5160 3. 0 GHz 22019 17751 23628
Xeon E5345 2.33 GHz 17610 14878 18291
Opteron 2224 SE 3.2 GHz 14636 12636 14630
Opteron 8218HE 2.6 GHz 11891 10266 11891



The L2 cache of the Opteron 8218 at 2.6GHz is slower than the Core 2’s L2 cache at 2.33. At about 10-11 GB/s it barely matches the theoretical peak bandwidth that DDR2 at 667MHz can deliver (10.6 GB/s), while its exclusive nature also forces it to exchange quite a bit of data with the L1 cache. Now combine this table with the following one, where we measured memory bandwidth.







Lavalys Everest 3. 51 Memory Bandwidth
  Read (MB/s) Write (MB/s) Copy (MB/s) Latency (ns)
Dual Xeon 5160 3.0 GHz 3656 2771 3800 112.2
Xeon E5345 2.33 GHz 3578 2793 3665 114.9
Opteron 2224 SE 3.2 GHz 7466 6980 6863 58.9
Opteron 8218HE 2.6 GHz 6944 6186 5895 64



It is no secret that a higher clocked integrated memory controller can increase the actual delivered bandwidth of the same DDR2 modules. But it also helps that the L2 cache is able to swallow the bandwidth that the memory is capable of delivering. Also notice that without the use of SSE2 instructions, the memory subsystem of the 5000p chipset delivers relatively disappointing amounts of bandwidth. As most applications do not use carefully tuned SSE2 code to get data from memory, this should reflect the real world situation most of the time. And of course, until Intel introduces the Nehalem family, memory latency will continue to be one of the strong points of AMD.












Processor Latency Comparison
CPU L1 L2 L3 min mem max mem Absolute latency (ns)
Xeon 5160 3.0 — DDR2 533 3 14   69 380 127
Xeon 5160 3. 0 — DDR2 667 3 14   67 338 113
Core 2 Duo 2.933 — DDR2 533 3 14   67 180 61
Quad Xeon E5345 2.33 — DDR2 533 3 14   80 280 120
Quad Xeon E5345 2.33 — DDR2 667 3 14   80 271 116
Xeon 7130M 3.2 — DDR2 400 4 29 109 245 624 195
Opteron 880 2.4 — DDR333 3 12   84 228 95
Opteron 2224 SE — DDR2 667 3 12   72 189 59
Opteron 2218 HE — DDR2 667 3 12   62 157 60



The latency penalty that FB-DIMM introduces is huge. To get an idea, we added the latency measured with a Core 2 Duo 2.933 using 2x 2GB 533MHz DDR2. The staggering conclusion is that registered FB-DIMMs add — in the worst case — about 200 cycles or 66ns of latency. Sure, some of that latency can be attributed to the buffering which is necessary for server memory. Buffered memory contains registers which will actually hold data for one full clock cycle before it’s passed on. So this means that registered memory should add about 8ns (2 clock cycles at 266MHz base clock, DDR2-533).

The secondary benefit of FB-DIMMs is that motherboards can use more DIMMs per bank, potentially increasing total memory capacity. AMD already gets around this quite easily with up to eight DIMM sockets per CPU socket, however, so this benefit really doesn’t materialize in any reasonable form. The bottom line is that while FB-DIMMs were a potentially good idea from a purely theoretical point of view, it is rather obvious that in practice they have some pretty bad consequences.

Tyan Transport TA26
SPECjbb2005
IndexA Closer Look at AMD’s Newest OfferingThanks and Testing SetupTyan Transport TA26The Secret Boost of the Opteron 2224SPECjbb2005MySQLRender ServersSoftware RenderingWinRAR 3.62PowerConclusion

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Specs HP AMD Opteron 2224 SE processor 3.2 GHz 1 MB L2 Processors (459354-001)

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