Socket am2+ processors list: Computer parts, laptops, electronics, and more

Socket AM3 — Wiki Deck

Socket AM3 is a CPU socket for AMD processors. AM3 was launched on February 9, 2009 as the successor to Socket AM2+, alongside the initial grouping of Phenom II processors designed for it.[1] The sole principal change from AM2+ to AM3 is support for DDR3 SDRAM. The fastest CPU for socket AM3 is the Phenom II X6 1100T.

Like the previous AMD socket, the «AM3 Processor Functional Data Sheet» (AMD document number 40778) has not been made publicly available. The «Family 10h AMD Phenom™ Processor Product Data Sheet» (document 446878) has,[2] but contains only a brief list of features of the Phenom, and does not contain any substantive technical data regarding socket AM3.

Contents

  • Compatibility
  • Heatsink
  • Socket AM3+
  • See also
  • References
  • External links

Compatibility

Socket AM3 breaks compatibility with AM2/AM2+ processors due to a subtle change in key placement. The AM3 socket has 941 pin contacts in a different layout[3] while AM2+ processors have 940 pins. Tom’s Hardware removed the two obstructing key pins from an AM2+ Phenom processor in order to fit it into an AM3 socket. The processor did not work in the AM3 socket, but still worked in an AM2+ socket, suggesting that compatibility issues run deeper than merely the key pins.[4] It is likely because the built-in memory controller in AM2/AM2+ processors only supports DDR2 (unlike AM3 processors, which support both DDR2 & DDR3 memory).[5] In fact, a few motherboards were manufactured that supported both DDR2 and DDR3, however only one type could be used at a time. Despite using an AM3 socket and despite using a northbridge and southbridge found on AM3 motherboards, they support any AM2, AM2+, or AM3 processor.[6]

As AM3 processors also support DDR2, they are backwards-compatible with Socket AM2/AM2+, contingent upon a BIOS update for the motherboard. Manufacturers including Asus,[7] Gigabyte,[8] and others have labeled existing AM2/AM2+ boards as being «AM3 Ready» or similar, indicating that BIOS support is provided for the specified boards. This allows existing AM2/AM2+ systems to upgrade the CPU without having to upgrade any other components.

Heatsink

The 4 holes for fastening the heatsink to the motherboard are placed in a rectangle with lateral lengths of 48 mm and 96 mm for AMD’s sockets Socket AM2, Socket AM2+, Socket AM3, Socket AM3+ and Socket FM2. Cooling solutions should therefore be interchangeable.

Socket AM3+

Main article: Socket AM3+

AM3+ is a modification of the AM3 socket. It has one additional pin for new Bulldozer-based AM3+ processors and is backwards-compatible with AM3 processors. It broke backwards-compatibility between AM3+ processors and AM2 and AM2+ motherboards because the processors do not support DDR2 memory.

See also

  • CPU Socket
  • Athlon II
  • Phenom II
  • List of AMD Phenom microprocessors
  • List of AMD FX microprocessors

References

  1. The Phenom II X4 810 & X3 720: AMD Gets DDR3 But Doesn’t Need It, AnandTech, 2009-02-09, retrieved 2012-01-10
  2. Phenom II Processor — Product Data Sheet (PDF), Amd. com, retrieved 2012-01-10
  3. MSI Releases AM3 Gaming Series Motherboards, Hothardware.com, 2009-01-22, retrieved 2012-01-10
  4. Modding And Overclocking–Doable? : Socket AM3: AMD’s Phenom II Gets DDR3, Tomshardware.com, 2009-02-09, retrieved 2012-01-10
  5. AMD Phenom II — DDR2 vs. DDR3 Performance, Tweaktown.com, 2009-03-11, retrieved 2012-01-10
  6. MSI Unveils DDR2+DDR3 Combo Motherboard, Tom’s Hardware, 2009-03-07, retrieved 2014-12-31
  7. ASUS Motherboards Now Supports AMD AM3 Processors, Event.asus.com, retrieved 2012-01-10
  8. «Gigabyte: Products: Motherboard». Gigabyte Technology.

External links

  • DailyTech post about Socket AM3
  • List of first bunch of Socket AM3 CPUs
  • Socket AM3 review

Processor Sockets — Socket AM2, AM2+, and AM3 Compatibility

So Many Sockets!

When it comes to changing to a new processor socket, Intel tends to be definitive in its implementation. A processor listed as having a specific socket type will work only with that specific socket type, and nothing else. In most cases, the processor won’t even fit into a motherboard with a different socket, much less boot up. This helps reduce confusion about what processors will fit into what sockets, but also makes the upgrade path of Intel products very restrictive. You either have a LGA1366 motherboard or you don’t.

AMD has a more organic approach to sockets. Since the introduction of the AM2 socket, AMD’s products have exhibited varying degrees of compatibility between new and old socket types. This is evident in the naming schemes used by the company, as AMD has progressed from AM2 to AM2+ and now AM3. The advantage of this is that having an AM2 board does not mean that you are locked into only using older AM2 processors, creating a less restrictive upgrade path. As long as your motherboard manufacturer has been providing BIOS updates, it is possible that you’ll be able to use a several year old motherboard with a Phenom II 940. However, there are some pitfalls that come with this less restrictive method, as compatibility is not complete and there are certain hardware combinations that can have difficulties you might not expect.

AM2 Soldiers On

Socket AM2 motherboards and processors first arrived at retailers back in 2006, making the socket about three years old. Normally, this would mean that the socket is at the end of its life-span — for comparison, Intel effectively announced the imminent obsolescence of LGA 775 late last year when it debuted Core i7 as an LGA 1366 processor. But AM2 continues on. There is little reason to believe that AMD will be quick to abandon its Athlon X2 processors, which remain entrenched as good values in the budget market, and AMD has also continued to provide those with AM2 motherboards with upgrade options.

Officially, AM2 is completely compatible with AM2+. However, there are unofficial difficulties that are common if you’re attempting to use a motherboard from the dawn of the AM2 socket with a new AM2+ processor. The first major obstacle will be BIOS compatibility. Obviously, a company can not program their BIOS to recognize processors that will show up three years later, so the stock BIOS on older AM2 motherboards is not going to recognize a new AM2+ processor. You’ll need to make sure your motherboard manufacturer has provided an updated BIOS with support for new processors.

More difficult to tackle can be the problem of power. New, high-clock, quad-core AM2+ processors draw much more power than old dual-core AM2 processors, and some old AM2 motherboards can’t provide the extra juice. This is a difficult problem to nail down, as both AMD and motherboard manufacturers are fairly silent on the issue. Some motherboard manufacturers do provide updated compatibility charts on their websites, however, so visiting the manufacturer’s website is a good place to start your investigation.

What about AM3? Surprisingly, AM2 does theoretically support AM3 processors. There is no inherent socket incompatibility, and Gigabyte lists some of its old AM2 motherboards as AM3 ready. There is, however, some red fine print that defines how the AM3 processor will be limited in the AM2 socket.

AM2+ as the Middle Child

As the years progressed onward and AM2 became older, it was clear that Intel’s LGA775 processors were generally slaying AMD’s AM2 offerings. AMD’s old Athlon X2 processors were simply not competitive with Core 2 Duos. The Phenom fared better, but AMD encountered problems with getting the Phenom’s clock speeds set high enough to make it competitive with Intel’s Core 2 Quad processors. So, AM2+ debuted.

The AM2+ socket added support for a quicker Hypertransport link and for split power planes between the processor and the memory controller. Perhaps more importantly to AMD’s plans, AM2+ released new motherboard specifications that required AM2+ motherboards to be capable of providing more juice to the processor. This was an absolute necessity as the only Phenoms that AMD had which were in any way competitive with the Core 2 Duos or Core 2 Quads were power hogs, and motherboards built around the old AM2 specification were often incapable of providing the required power.

As mentioned above, AM2+ is officially completely compatible with AM2. In practice, this official line seems to be one hundred percent correct. If you have an AM2+ processor, then any AM2 processor should work. The Socket AM2+ is also completely compatible with new AM3 processors, and as long as your BIOS supports the new AM3 processor, you should not run into any issues. AM3 processors have a solid DDR2 memory controller and run within the same power requirements of AM2+ processors.

AM3 Steps Slightly Forward

AM3 is an extremely recent socket, so recent that only a handful of AMD processors and motherboards actually use this socket — in fact, even the top-of-the-line X4 920 and X4 940 are AM2+ processors. The only AM3 processors available at the time of this writing are the AMD X3 710, the AMD X3 720, and the AMD X4 910.

In the short term, AM3 is not a significant step forward, as the only significant feature which has been added to the AM3 processors is support for DDR3 memory. Currently, DDR3 memory does not offer a significant performance increase over DDR2, but as hardware progresses it is expected that DDR3 will become the standard of the industry, putting socket AM3 in a better long-term position.

Like said previously, AM3 processors are fully compatible with the AM2+ socket, contingent on a BIOS update of the AM2+ motherboard (and many AM2+ motherboards are currently shipping with a BIOS version which supports AM3 processors). However, the AM3 socket is not compatible with AM2+ processors. This is superficially because the AM3 socket has two less pins than the AM2+ socket, so AM2+ processors do not fit. However, hardware websites which have removed those pins from the AM2+ processor so the processor fits have not had any success getting the AM2+ processor to work. In other words, if you have an AM2+ motherboard, you can use it with any AM3 processor you’d like. However, if you have an AM3 motherboard, you can only use it with AM3 processors.

Image credits: Anandtech

References

Anandtech: AMD Phenom II X4 920 and 940 Review

TechPowerUp: AM2+ and AM3 Compatible with AM2 Motherboards

Images are from AMD press material

Best Socket AM2 Processors

Best Socket AM2 Processors

Before AMD’s Ryzen entered the world’s processor market, and AM3 and AM3+ socket platforms began to be produced, these processors were very famous and in great demand among many people. Currently, these processors can be found on the secondary market at the most affordable cost.

All of these processors support DDR2 memory up to 800 MHz. The price of processors is given at the time of their release, now they can be found on various sites much cheaper. nine0006

AMD Phenom X4 9850

A good option for old game fans, it will fit many systems with AM2 motherboard. Also, this processor is perfect for servers and workstations. The model belongs to the Black Edition series, therefore it has a free multiplier and supports overclocking. It has a rather low critical temperature for processors of this series.

Features:

  • Socket: AM2+;
  • Clock frequency: 2.5 GHz;
  • Cores: 4;
  • L3 cache size: 2048 KB;
  • Process: 65 nm;
  • Heat dissipation: 125W;
  • Price: around $20.

AMD Phenom X4 9750

This processor model is an older version of the previous one. It also has a higher clock speed. The number of cores is the same. nine0006

Features:

  • Socket: AM2+;
  • Clock frequency: 2.4 GHz;
  • Cores: 4;
  • L3 cache size: 2048 KB;
  • Process: 65 nm;
  • Heat dissipation: 125W;
  • Price: $20.

AMD Phenom X4 9650

This is almost a top processor at the time of release, which is quite subject to overclocking. At a single core voltage of 1.296 volts. The processor is able to quickly and effortlessly accelerate to 3 GHz and at this frequency it easily passes all the tests. However, it does get quite hot.

The clock speed is slightly lower than the previous model. It is also worth considering its critical temperature of 62 degrees Celsius.

Features:

  • Socket: AM2+;
  • Clock frequency: 2.3 GHz;
  • Cores: 4;
  • L3 cache size: 2048 KB;
  • Process: 65 nm;
  • Heat dissipation: 95W;
  • Price: $90.

AMD Phenom X4 9950

The processor has a higher frequency than all previous models and runs on 4 cores. Like all other processor models on the list, it is installed in the AM2 socket, and which all supports only DDR2 RAM.

Features:

  • Connector: AM2+;
  • Number of cores: 4;
  • Frequency: 2.6 GHz;
  • Process: 65 nm;
  • L3 cache: 2 MB;
  • Heat dissipation: 125W;
  • Price: $60.

AMD Athlon 64 X2 6400+

Proven high clocked dual core processor. It can also be overclocked a bit. Like other processors in this list, the model supports dual-channel DDR2 memory. The maximum amount of RAM for this model is 16 GB. nine0006

  • Connector: AM2;
  • Cores: 2;
  • Frequency: 3 GHz;
  • Process: 90 nm;
  • L2 cache: 2 mb;
  • Heat dissipation: 125W;
  • Price: $70.

AMD Athlon 64 X2 6000+

This is a pretty strong processor for its age. In fact, this model symbolizes what AMD was like in one of its best periods of development when fighting Intel, since the products of these manufacturers have almost leveled off in all respects, and even more so in terms of performance. nine0006

Features:

  • Socket: AM2;
  • Number of cores: 2;
  • Processor frequency: 3 GHz;
  • Process: 90 nm;
  • L2 cache: 1 Mb;
  • Heat dissipation: 75W;
  • Price: $50.

AMD Athlon 64 X2 5600+

A solid mid-ranger of its time. This model is suitable for servers and workstations. In terms of cost, it has many analogues among processors from Intel. DDR2 RAM supported. The maximum amount of memory is 16 gigabytes. nine0006

  • Socket: AM2;
  • Number of cores: 2;
  • Frequency: 2.8 GHz;
  • Process: 90 nm;
  • L2 cache: 2 mb;
  • Heat dissipation: 89 W;
  • Price: $50.

AMD Athlon 64 X2 5000+

The processor showed itself well in the test with games and at the same time requires quite high-quality cooling, because even without overclocking to full power its power consumption reaches 65 watts. An efficient cooler will be required to work with heavy video and modern games. nine0006

  • Socket: AM2;
  • Number of cores: 2;
  • Frequency: 2.6 GHz;
  • Process: 90 nm;
  • L2 cache: 512 KB;
  • Heat dissipation: 65W;
  • Price: $50.

AMD Athlon 64 X2 FX-62

The AMD Athlon 64 X2 FX processor released by AMD, despite the name, has nothing to do with the FX line. It is an improved version of the Athlon 64 X2. The Athlon 64 X2 has two cores with 1MB L2 cache and runs at 2400 MHz, while the new Athlon 64 X2 FX has the same number of cores running at 2700 MHz. nine0006

  • Connector: AM2;
  • Cores: 2;
  • Process: 90 nm;
  • Frequency: 2700 MHz;
  • L2 cache: 1024 KB;
  • Heat dissipation: 125W;
  • Price: $60.

AMD Opteron 1356

Quad-core processor introduced by AMD in 2008. He managed to earn recognition all over the world. Suitable for installation in server stations and similar systems. nine0006

  • Connector: AM2;
  • Number of cores: 4;
  • Process: 65 nm;
  • Frequency: 2. 3 GHz;
  • L3 cache: 2 mb;
  • Heat dissipation: 115W;
  • Price: $90.

List table of all AMD Socket AM2+ processors — Features, specifications, prices

Yes, which I didn’t have and those with a larger date (1022 1020), plus I also changed the entire module. In the main bios it was 9(0413 0c1b 0414 040a 041b 0680 1000 1022 1020), in the new ones the same list plus (1040 1041 1043 1062 10A0). I also tried to make a list of the last 9 patches so that the module size does not change. (0680 1000 1022 1020 1040 1041 1043 1062 10A0) for the non-terminal version, plus the zero-terminated version (1000 1022 1020 1040 1041 1043 1062 10A0 0000). The sizes are the same, 9 * 800h + bytes at the end of the module = 4808, I also tried the option without byte 4800. It does not work, the old percent works with any option. “2) are you sure that the necessary microcodes are installed in your BIOS correctly? did you open it in the same MMTool after the manipulations, did you see the new microcodes in the general list?” Yes, of course, I also checked that the dimensions corresponded. nine0006

«3) just in case, try downloading the BIOS version from the new motherboard, which was the very first to support your processor. For example, for M2N68-AM PLUS, this is version 1701.” M2N68-AM PLUS does not have 1701, there is only 1702. The same thing, the patches are the same one to one.

«4) Apparently you need microcodes with CPUID 10A0, but for good it is quite possible to pull out all other new microcodes, such as 1040, 1043, 1062, etc.» I did.

«Or, in general, completely remove the entire P6 Micro Code module from the new BIOS on the Extract tab, and then on the Replace tab, insert it into your BIOS instead of your native one.» And I also did it without a difference, 64 × 2 works 960t no.

“5) Well, are you really sure that the firmware with the new BIOS is successful?” Well, it seems to be yes, since the operations reading erasing writing checking and so on are successful, after which it asks for a restart. The settings themselves from the previous BIOS are not reset (I don’t know if it should be so). afu236.exe /oBIOS.ROM gives out the same bios as loaded.

“In general, in Asus it is not necessary to do this through DOS using the afu utility, you can do it through BIOS with the built-in EZ Flash utility. It is usually in the BIOS somewhere on the last tab or so. The fact is that on the ASUS page there is an indication that there is an ASUS EZ Flash, but not in the BIOS. I looked at other BIOSes using the AMIBCP v3.46 utility, where these functions are located in the Tools tab between Boot and Exit. I don’t have this tab, I immediately have Exit after Boot. nine0006

What should be the module size, should there be a byte at the end? All the continents that looked by default were with a byte.

Conclusions

In this article, we were able to review and evaluate the most advanced supported am2 processors. You most likely will not be able to purchase these processors in the primary market, but you can do this by looking for ads for sale on some site on the Internet.

These socket AM2 processors were very famous and in great demand at the time. Particularly due to the great opportunity to install processors for AM2 in new generation motherboards with faster RAM. What processors of this generation did you use? Which ones are the best? Write in the comments! nine0006

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  • .06.2019 Reply 9000 AMD Phenom II X4 949 94 9 put mother in AM2
    • Sergey 12/06/2019 Reply

      Did you hit your head? 945 hairdryer 2 is am3

    • Vlad 10/10/2020 Reply

      I didn’t succeed. nine0006

    • Dmitry 01/23/2021 Reply

      Am3 processors are suitable for am2 motherboards

    • 04.03.2021 Reply

      all this line of sockets AM940 940+ AM2 AM2+ AM3 support all AMD processors developed at that time. The question of the appropriateness of using

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    Intel Xeon E5-2699V3 Haswell-EP

    Intel Xeon E5-2699V3 Haswell-EP. Photo: market.yandex.ru
    The processor is equipped with 18 cores and 36 threads and is focused exclusively on professional applications, namely intensive work with calculations. Thanks to its technical features, you can expect excellent multi-threaded performance with it, as well as new records in tests that effectively distribute the load across all cores. This processor is designed for a clock frequency of 2.30 GHz and is characterized by a TDP of 145 watts. Separately, it is worth noting that this device is completely blocked for overlocking. This means that it will not work to “disperse” it on its own. nine0476

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    Processor selection for AM2 and AM2+

    When selecting a processor, always refer to the list of processors supported by your motherboard. This rule is especially true for AM2 and AM2+ sockets, for which many different processors have been released. nine0006

    So, in order to find a list of supported processors, you need to know the exact name of your motherboard. You can find out this name using any program that shows the characteristics of a computer. For example, you can use the free program CPU-Z. By running this program on your computer and going to the “Mainboard” tab, you can find out the name of the model and manufacturer of the motherboard.

    Now that you know the name of the motherboard, you can start looking for a list of supported processors. Such a list is always available on the official website of the board manufacturer. In order to find this list, enter the name of the motherboard into the search engine and go to the page of your board on the official website of the manufacturer. nine0006

    This will take you to a page with information about your motherboard. On this page, you need to find a section with a list of processors. Usually, in order to find this section, you need to go to the link «Support — CPU» or «Support — List of processors». By opening this section, you will receive a comprehensive list of processors that can be installed on your board. In this case, next to each processor, the BIOS version that must be installed in order for this processor to work will be indicated. nine0006

    If you are interested in a complete list of processors that were released for Socket AM2 and Socket AM2+, then we provide such a list in this article. Using our list, you can find out what processors were generally produced for these sockets.

    Everything I do at work: computers, automation, controllers, programming, etc.

    Overview of Socket AM2 and AM2+

    What Socket AM2 looks like on a motherboard.

    Socket AM2 (also known as Socket M2) is an AMD processor socket. This connector was introduced in 2006 and replaced the outdated sockets 939 i754. Socket AM2 received 940 pins and support for DDR2 RAM.

    The first processors to be released for socket AM2 are the Athlon 64 (Orleans) and Sempron (Manila) single-core processors, and the Athlon 64 X2 and Athlon 64 FX (Windsor) dual-core processors. Socket AM2 became part of the AMD platform, which also included Socket F for servers, as well as Socket S1 for mobile devices.

    processor models, chipsets, and hardware platform specifications

    «Socket AM2» from AMD, by the standards of computer technology, debuted quite a long time ago — in 2006. Since then, hardware platforms have been updated several times, but computers based on it can still be found quite often.

    History of appearance

    In 2006, two AMD hardware platforms — «Socket 754» and «Socket 939» have completely exhausted themselves. The processors no longer allowed a significant increase in performance, and the RAM subsystem did not allow the use of new, faster DDR2 format modules. At the same time, the main competitor represented by Intel did not have such problems. Their platform based on LGA775 developed successfully and allowed both to increase performance and it was possible to install faster RAM strips on its motherboards. Therefore, AMD was forced to introduce an updated platform with improved specifications, which was based on the «Socket AM2». In 2009The AM2 received a minor update in 2008, which was called the AM2+ according to the manufacturer’s specifications. The components of these two sockets remained relevant until 2011, when the successor to the AM2 and AM2 + processor sockets was presented in the face of AM3.

    Socket Intel. Intel processor sockets

    Within the framework of this review, the most common modifications at the moment will be considered …

    Platform compatibility

    The direct successor, in essence, was the AM2-AM3 socket for the computing platform. But there was also an intermediate link — AM2 +. The AM2 and AM2+ chips were compatible with each other and could be installed in any such processor socket. But AM3 solutions, in addition to this socket, could also be used in AM2 +. Physically, the AM3 processor can be installed in the «AM2 socket», but in this case it is necessary to take into account the incompatibility of the RAM controllers. AM2 was focused on the use of only DDR2, and AM3 — only DDR3. In turn, AM2 + was equipped with a «hybrid» RAM controller, which could successfully work with both the first and second types of memory. nine0006

    ASRock M3N78D motherboard: specifications, reviews

    The ASRock M3N78D motherboard is a universal solution that allows you to create…

    Processor models

    Septron solutions were used to create a PC for office or budget purposes. With just one compute unit, low clock speeds, and minimal cache space, these CPUs weren’t allowed to be used for anything else. nine0006

  • Mid-range PCs based on Athlon solutions. They also had only one code processing unit. But they had a larger cache size, and such frequencies were increased. All this made it possible at that time to create gaming systems that were average in terms of capabilities.

  • Premium — The computer systems segment within AM2 was occupied by Athlon X2 CPUs. They already had twice the number of code processing units, and this made it possible to significantly increase their performance. nine0006

  • Chipsets

    In 2006, AMD did not dominate the chipset market as it does today. As a result, in most cases, the Socket AM2 motherboard was based on a third-party chipset. This included such well-known companies as NVidia, ATI, SIS and VIA. Since the products of the first company occupied the dominant position in this niche for some time, we will focus on it. The list of chipsets from this company for AM2 included the following sets of system logic:

    NVidia GeForce 6100/ nForce 405 chipset….

    A few years ago, many computer companies tried their hand at the chipset market and offered…

    • nForce 550. This was the most affordable solution with integrated graphics subsystem aimed at the office systems market. The ideal chip for them was Septron. Also, the lack of a PCI-E 16X expansion slot did not allow the use of discrete graphics in such PCs. nine0006

    • nForce 570 Ultra. A more advanced set of system logic that allows you to create entry-level gaming systems. Most often, the Athlon and Athlon X2 series CPUs were used in conjunction with them. Also, within the framework of such computing systems, it was possible to install one discrete video card.

    • nForce 570 SLI. Such motherboards were already equipped with two slots for installing video adapters, and basically they worked in conjunction only with Athlon X2. The latter could work in SLI mode. Such technical solutions were perfect for creating mid-range and premium gaming system units or even entry-level graphics stations. The operating mode of the accelerators was PCI-E 2 x 8X. nine0006

    • nForce 590 SLI. This set is practically no different from the previous one. The key difference is the operating mode of the video cards, which in this case was PCI-E 2 x 16X. That is why these motherboards were most often found as part of mid-range and high-end graphics stations.

    Memory subsystem

    One of the main innovations was the memory subsystem within the «Socket AM2». The processors that were intended for installation in this socket were equipped with a 2-channel RAM controller, which was aimed only at using DDR2 modules. Moreover, the operating frequencies of the latter could be 400, 533, 667, 800 or even 1066 MHz. The maximum amount of RAM within this computing platform could reach 16 GB. nine0006

    Integrated graphics adapters

    There were also integrated graphics accelerators within the computing platform, which was based on the Socket AM2. Of course, in current processor solutions, the integrated graphics subsystem is part of the semiconductor chip of the processor device, but at that time there was no such possibility and, as a result, graphics adapter chips were included in the system logic set.