Alimentation Fortron Everest 85+, 1010 W — Alimentation PC
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80+ Bronze — Modulaire
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DESCRIPTION
Pour faire face aux nouvelles demandes technologiques du marché, Fortron / Source a conçu une nouvelle gamme d’alimentation modulaire à haute puissance pour les utilisateurs exigeant plus de flexibilité dans leurs systèmes!
Cette nouvelle EVEREST 1010W 80PLUS est compatible avec les dernières séries Intel Core 2Duo & AMD Athlon 64 (systèmes Dual et Quad Core).
Compatible avec les séries Intel Core 2 Extreme & AMD Athlon 64, Phenom
ATX 12V v2.2 ready & EPS 12V v2.92
Design avec rampes à 4 canaux 12V
80PLUS
Haut rendement >85%
Supporte les cartes graphiques SLI les plus performantes
Supporte les connecteurs d’alimentations PCI-E & SATA haut de gamme
Alimentation écologique avec l’Active PFC
Economie d’énergie en mode pause<1W
Ventilateur 120mm silencieux à vitesse variable
Niveau sonore ultra bas de 21 dB<20% en charge (Silent Guard)
Entrée Full Range avec protection complète (OVP, OCP, SCP)
Alimentation à puissance totale et réelle
Spécifications
Référence : EVEREST 1010-80PLUS
Facteur de forme : ATX 12V 2. 2
Couleur chassis : bleu
Dimensions (lxLxH)mm : 165*150*86
Rendement : 85%
Puissance fournie : 1010W
Intervalle de tension d’entrée : 100-240 VAC
Fréquence : 50Hz — 60Hz
PFC : Active
Protection surcharge : Oui
Protection surtension : Oui
Protection court-circuit : Oui
Connecteur principale : 20+4 broches
Connecteur alimentation 4 broches+12V : 4+4 broches/8 broches
Connecteur Floppy 4 broches : 1
Connecteur SATA : 9
Connecteur 4 broches : 6
Connecteur PCI-Express : 6 broches x 2,6+2 broches x 2
FICHE TECHNIQUE
Ref FORTRON:
FSP-EVEREST-1010P
Garantie constructeur :
constructeur 3 ans
Garantie légale de conformité :
2 ans
Modalités de reprise d’un produit électronique usagé
Puissances : 1010 Watts
Format : ATX 12V v2.
2
Modulaires : Oui
Ventilateur (Taille) : 120 mm
Rendement : > 85 %
Connectiques : Connecteur principal : 20+4 broches
Connecteur alimentation 4 broches + 12V : 4+4 broches, 8 broches
Connecteur floppy 4 broches : 1
Connecteur S-ATA : 9
Connecteur 4 broches : 6
Connecteur PCI-Express : 6 broches x 2,6+2 broches x 2
Fréquence : 50 Hz — 60 Hz
Tension d’entrée : 100 — 240 VAC
EPS 12V : Version 2.92
Dimensions / Poids : 165 x 150 x 86 mm
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404 — PAGE NOT FOUND
Why am I seeing this page?
404 means the file is not found. If you have already uploaded the file then the name may be misspelled or it is in a different folder.
Other Possible Causes
You may get a 404 error for images because you have Hot Link Protection turned on and the domain is not on the list of authorized domains.
If you go to your temporary url (http://ip/~username/) and get this error, there maybe a problem with the rule set stored in an .htaccess file. You can try renaming that file to .htaccess-backup and refreshing the site to see if that resolves the issue.
It is also possible that you have inadvertently deleted your document root or the your account may need to be recreated. Either way, please contact your web host immediately.
Are you using WordPress? See the Section on 404 errors after clicking a link in WordPress.
How to find the correct spelling and folder
Missing or Broken Files
When you get a 404 error be sure to check the URL that you are attempting to use in your browser.This tells the server what resource it should attempt to request.
http://example.com/example/Example/help.html
In this example the file must be in public_html/example/Example/
Notice that the CaSe is important in this example.
On platforms that enforce case-sensitivity example and Example are not the same locations.
For addon domains, the file must be in public_html/addondomain.com/example/Example/ and the names are case-sensitive.
Broken Image
When you have a missing image on your site you may see a box on your page with with a red X where the image is missing. Right click on the X and choose Properties. The properties will tell you the path and file name that cannot be found.
This varies by browser, if you do not see a box on your page with a red X try right clicking on the page, then select View Page Info, and goto the Media Tab.
http://example.com/cgi-sys/images/banner.PNG
In this example the image file must be in public_html/cgi-sys/images/
Notice that the CaSe is important in this example. On platforms that enforce case-sensitivity PNG and png are not the same locations.
404 Errors After Clicking WordPress Links
When working with WordPress, 404 Page Not Found errors can often occur when a new theme has been activated or when the rewrite rules in the .htaccess file have been altered.
When you encounter a 404 error in WordPress, you have two options for correcting it.
Option 1: Correct the Permalinks
- Log in to WordPress.
- From the left-hand navigation menu in WordPress, click Settings > Permalinks (Note the current setting. If you are using a custom structure, copy or save the custom structure somewhere.)
- Select Default.
- Click Save Settings.
- Change the settings back to the previous configuration (before you selected Default). Put the custom structure back if you had one.
- Click Save Settings.
This will reset the permalinks and fix the issue in many cases.
index.php$ — [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
</IfModule>
# End WordPress
If your blog is showing the wrong domain name in links, redirecting to another site, or is missing images and style, these are all usually related to the same problem: you have the wrong domain name configured in your WordPress blog.
How to modify your .htaccess file
The .htaccess file contains directives (instructions) that tell the server how to behave in certain scenarios and directly affect how your website functions.
Redirects and rewriting URLs are two very common directives found in a .htaccess file, and many scripts such as WordPress, Drupal, Joomla and Magento add directives to the .htaccess so those scripts can function.
It is possible that you may need to edit the .htaccess file at some point, for various reasons.This section covers how to edit the file in cPanel, but not what may need to be changed.
(You may need to consult other articles and resources for that information.)
There are Many Ways to Edit a .htaccess File
- Edit the file on your computer and upload it to the server via FTP
- Use an FTP program’s Edit Mode
- Use SSH and a text editor
- Use the File Manager in cPanel
The easiest way to edit a .htaccess file for most people is through the File Manager in cPanel.
How to Edit .htaccess files in cPanel’s File Manager
Before you do anything, it is suggested that you backup your website so that you can revert back to a previous version if something goes wrong.
Open the File Manager
- Log into cPanel.
- In the Files section, click on the File Manager icon.
- Check the box for Document Root for and select the domain name you wish to access from the drop-down menu.
- Make sure Show Hidden Files (dotfiles)» is checked.
- Click Go. The File Manager will open in a new tab or window.
- Look for the .htaccess file in the list of files. You may need to scroll to find it.
To Edit the .htaccess File
- Right click on the .htaccess file and click Code Edit from the menu. Alternatively, you can click on the icon for the .htaccess file and then click on the Code Editor icon at the top of the page.
- A dialogue box may appear asking you about encoding. Just click Edit to continue. The editor will open in a new window.
- Edit the file as needed.
- Click Save Changes in the upper right hand corner when done. The changes will be saved.
- Test your website to make sure your changes were successfully saved. If not, correct the error or revert back to the previous version until your site works again.
- Once complete, you can click Close to close the File Manager window.
FSP Epsilon 1010 PSU repair, APFC principle of operation / Sudo Null IT News need to remember the diagram.
I must say right away that the article is intended for a simple PC user, although it was possible to delve into academic details.
Despite the fact that the diagrams are not mine, I give a description exclusively “on my own”, which does not pretend to be not the only correct one, but aims to explain “on the fingers” the operation of such a necessary device as a computer power supply.
I had a need to understand how APFC works in 2005, when I had a problem with a random reboot of the computer. I bought a computer at a “soapy” firm without delving into the subtleties. The service did not help: it works at the company, but it reboots for me. I realized that it was the turn to strain myself … It turned out that the problem was in the home network, which in the evening sank in jumps up to 160V! I started looking for a circuit, increasing the capacitance of the input capacitors, let it go a little, but did not solve the problem.
In the process of searching for information, I saw strange letters APFC and PPFC in the names of the blocks in the price lists. Later I found out that I had PPFC and I decided to buy a unit with APFC, then I also took an uninterruptible power supply. Other problems began — the uninterruptible power supply knocks out when the system unit is turned on and the network disappears, they shrug their shoulders in the service. I handed it back, bought it 3 times more powerful, it still works without problems.
I will share my experience with you and I hope you will be interested in learning a little more about the system component — the power supply unit, which is unfairly assigned almost the last role in the operation of a computer.
FSP Epsilon 1010 power supplies are high quality and reliable devices, but given the problems of our networks and other accidents, they also sometimes fail. It is a pity to throw out such a block, and repairs can approach the cost of a new one. But there are little things, eliminating which, you can bring it back to life.
What FSP Epsilon 1010 looks like:
The most important thing is to understand the principle of operation and decompose the block into bones.
I will give an example of fragments of diagrams of a typical FSP Epsilon block, which I dug up in the net. The diagrams were drawn up by hand by a very diligent and competent person who kindly put them in for public access:
1. Main diagram:
Figure 1:
Link to full size: s54.radikal.ru/i144/1208/d8/cbca90320cd9.gif
2. APFC controller circuit:
Figure 2:
Link to full size: i082.radikal.ru/1208/88/0f01a4c58bfc.gif
Modifications of power supplies of this series differ in the number of elements (additionally soldered into the same board), but the principle of operation is the same.
APFC
So what is APFC?
PFC is a power factor correction (PFC) is the process of bringing the consumption of an end device that has a low power factor when powered by an AC mains to a state in which the power factor meets accepted standards.
If you show it on three fingers, it looks like this:
— the power supply was started, the capacitors began to charge — the current consumption peak coincided with the peak of the AC sine wave 220V 50Hz (too lazy to draw). Why matching? And how will they be charged at «0» volts closer to the time axis? No way! Peaks will be in each half-wave of the sinusoid, since there is a diode bridge in front of the capacitor.
— the load of the unit pulled the current and discharged the capacitors;
— the capacitors began to charge and peaks of current consumption appeared again at the peaks of the sinusoid.
And that one, we see a “hedgehog”, which has acquired a sinusoid, and which, instead of constant consumption, “pulls” the current in short jumps at narrow points in time. And what’s so terrible, let yourself pull yourself, you say. And here the Hound of the Baskervilles rummaged: these peaks overload electrical wiring and can even lead to a fire with a nominally calculated wire cross section.
And if we take into account that there is more than one block in the network? Yes, and electronic devices operating on the same network are unlikely to like such a “sawn” network with interference. Moreover, with the declared power rating of the PSU, you will pay more for light, since your network wires in the apartment (office) are already the load. The task arises to bring down the peaks of current consumption in time in the direction of the dips of the sinusoid, that is, to approach the semblance of linearity and unload the wiring.
PPFC passive power factor correction. This means that there is a massive inductor in front of one PSU network wire, the task of which is to bring down the peaks of current consumption during the charging of capacitors, taking into account the nonlinear properties of the inductor (that is, the current through it lags behind the voltage applied to it — remember the school). It looks like this: at the maximum of the sinusoid, the capacitor should be charged and it is waiting for this, but bad luck — they put a choke in front of it.
But the inductor is not entirely concerned about what the capacitor needs — a voltage was applied to it and a self-induction current arises, which is directed in the opposite direction. Thus, the inductor prevents the capacitor from charging at the peak of the input sinusoid — in the peak network, and the capacitor is discharged. Strange, right? Isn’t that what we wanted? Now the sinusoid is subsiding, but the choke behaves like most people here too: (we have — we don’t appreciate it, we lose it — we regret it) the self-induction current appears again, only already coinciding with the decreasing current, which charges the capacitor. What we have: at the peak — nothing, at failures — a charge! Mission accomplished!
This is exactly how the PPFC circuit works by pulling the peaks of current consumption into the dips of the sinusoid (ascending and descending sections) with just one choke. The power factor is close to 0.6. Not bad, but not perfect.
APFC Active Power Factor Correction.
This means using electronic components that require power. There are actually two power supplies in this power supply: the first is a 410V stabilizer, the second is a regular classic switching power supply. We will consider this below.
APFC and how it works.
Figure 3:
We have just come to the principle of active power factor correction, so we will determine some points for ourselves right away. In addition to the main purpose (approximation to the linearity of current consumption in time), APFC solves a triune problem and has features:
— a power supply with APFC consists of two blocks: the first is a 410V stabilizer (APFC itself), the second is a conventional classic switching power supply.
— The APFC circuit provides a power factor of about 0.9. This is what we are striving for — to «1».
— APFC circuit operates at a frequency of about 200KHz. Agree, pulling the current 200,000 times per second with respect to 50 Hz is almost at every moment of time, that is, linearly.
— the APFC circuit provides a stable constant voltage at the output of about 410V and operates from 110 to 250V (in practice from 40V). This means that the industrial network practically does not affect the operation of internal stabilizers.
Circuit operation:
The principle of operation of APFC is based on the accumulation of energy in the inductor and its subsequent return to the load.
When power is applied through the inductor, its current lags behind the voltage. When the voltage is removed, the phenomenon of self-induction occurs. So the power supply eats it, and since the self-induction voltage can approach the double applied voltage, here you have work from 110V! The task of the APFC circuit is to dose the current through the inductor with a given accuracy, so that the output always has a voltage of 410V, regardless of the load and input voltage.
In Figure 3 we see DC — a constant voltage source after the bridge (not stabilized), storage inductor L1, transistor switch SW1, which is controlled by a comparator and PWM.
The circuit is made quite boldly at first glance, since the key actually makes a short circuit in the socket at the moment of opening, but we will forgive it, given that the circuit occurs for microseconds at a frequency of 200,000 times per second. But in case of malfunctions of the key control circuit, you will definitely hear and even smell it, or maybe you will see how the power keys burn out in such a circuit.
1. Transistor SW1 is open, the current flows to the load as before through the inductor from «+ DC» — «L1» — «SW2» — «RL» to «-DC». But the inductor resists the movement of current (self-induction begins), while energy is accumulated in the inductor L1 — the voltage on it rises almost to the DC voltage, since this is a short circuit (though for a fraction of the time (while everything is in order). Diode SW2 prevents the discharge of capacitor C1 at the moment of transistor opening. on it the self-induction EMF of opposite polarity.Now the self-induction current has one direction with the disappearing current of the source (self-induction end).
0087 Self-induction — the phenomenon of the occurrence of induction EMF in an electric circuit as a result of a change in current strength.
So, at the moment of self-induction after the transistor is closed, our addition to 410V is obtained due to the addition of energy from the inductor. Why supplement? Remember the school, how much will be at the output of the bridge with a capacitor, if the input is 220v? That’s right, 220V times the root of two (1.41421356) = 311V. This is what it would be like without the operation of the APFC scheme. It is so at the point where we are waiting for 410V, while only the +5V duty room is working and the unit itself is not running. Now it makes no sense to drive APFC, the duty officer will have enough of her 2 Amperes anyway.
All this is strictly controlled by the control circuit using feedback from the 410V point. The level of self-induction is regulated by the opening time of transistors, that is, by the time of energy accumulation L1 is pulse-width stabilization.
The task of APFC is to keep 410V stable at the output when external network and load factors change.
So it turns out that the power supply with APFC has two power supplies: a 410V stabilizer and the classic power supply itself.
The decoupling of current consumption peaks from the peaks of the sinusoid is ensured by transferring these peaks to the frequency of the APFC circuit — 200000 times per second, which approaches the linear current consumption at each time of the 50Hz 220V sinusoid. Q.E.D.
APFC benefits:
— power factor about 0.9;
— work from any capricious network 110 — 250V, including unstable rural;
— noise immunity:
— high coefficient of stabilization of output voltages due to a stable input 410V;
— low output voltage ripple;
— small sizes of filters, since the frequency is about 200 kHz.
— high overall efficiency of the unit.
— small interference given to the industrial network;
— high economic effect in payment for electricity;
— electrical wiring is unloaded;
— at enterprises and telecommunications organizations that have 60V station batteries, you can do without UPS at all to power critical servers — just plug the unit into the 60V guaranteed power supply circuit without changing anything and not observing the polarity (which is not).
This will allow you to get away from those unfortunate 15 minutes of operation from UPS to 10 hours from station batteries, so that the entire control system does not fall down in case of diesel failure. And many do not pay attention to this or did not think about it until the diesel engine is offended somehow once … All equipment will continue to work, but there will be nothing to control, since the computers will be cut off in 15 minutes. The manufacturer presents an operating range of 90 — 265V due to the lack of such a power standard as 60V variables, but the practical limit of operation was obtained at 40V, there was no point in checking below.
Re-read the paragraph carefully again and evaluate the capabilities of your uninterruptible power supplies for critical servers!
APFC shortcomings:
— price;
— difficulty in diagnostics and repair;
— expensive parts (transistors — about $ 5 per piece, and there are up to 5 of them sometimes), often the cost of repairs does not justify itself;
— problems of joint work with uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) due to the large inrush current.
You need to choose UPS with a double power reserve.
And now let’s look at the FSP Epsilon 1010 power supply circuit in fig. 1, 2.
In FSP Epsilon 1010, the APFC power section is represented by three HGTG20N60C3 transistors with a current of 45A and a voltage of 600V, standing in parallel: www.fairchildsemi.com/ds/HG/HGT1S20N60C3S.pdf
On our typical diagram there are 2 Q10, Q11, but this does not change the essence. Our block is simply more powerful. The FPC OUT signal comes from the 12th leg of the CM6800G chip to the 12th pin of the control module in Figure 2. Further through the resistor R8 for the gates of the keys. This is how APFC is managed. The APFC control circuit is powered by +15V duty room through the optocoupler M5, resistor R82 — 8pin CB (A). But it starts only after the block is launched to the load by the PW-ON signal (green wire of the 24-pin connector to ground).
Typical faults:
Symptoms:
— fuse blows with pop;
— the block «does not breathe» at all even after replacing the fuse, which is even worse.
So the damage threatens to turn into a more expensive repair.
Diagnosis: APFC circuit failure.
Treatment:
It is difficult to make a mistake in diagnosing the failure of an APFC circuit.
It is generally accepted that a block with APFC can be started without APFC if it fails. And we will count and even check it, especially when it comes to dangerous experiments with expensive HGT1S20N60C3S transistors. We solder the transistors.
The unit works well if the problem was only in the APFC circuit, but you need to understand that the power supply will lose power up to 30% and cannot be put into operation — just check. Well, then we already change the transistors to new ones, but we turn on the unit in series through a 220V 100W incandescent lamp. The block is loaded, for example, on an old HDD. If the lamp burns to the floor and the HDD starts up (touch it with your fingers), the fan is spinning on the unit — it is likely that the repair is over.
We start without a lamp with a fuse value reduced by 3 times. And now it’s not on fire? Well, then we solder the native F1 and go for an hour test under the equivalent load of 300-500 watts! A lamp burning at full incandescence tells you about the full opening of the key transistors or their dead state, we are looking for a problem in front of them.
If at some stage we were not lucky, we return to a new purchase of transistors, while not forgetting to buy the CM6800G controller as well. We change the details, repeat everything again. Don’t forget to visually inspect the entire board!
Symptoms:
— the unit starts up every other time or when it has been plugged in for 5 minutes;
— you have a faulty HDD out of nowhere;
— the fans are spinning, but the system does not boot, the BIOS does not beep at startup;
— condensers on the motherboard, video card are swollen;
— the system randomly reboots, freezes.
Diagnosis: electrolytic capacitors dried up.
Treatment:
— disassemble the unit and visually find swollen capacitors;
— the best solution is to change everything to new ones, and not just swollen ones;
Failure to start is due to dry room capacitors C43, C44, C45, C49;
Component failures occur due to an increase in ripple in the + 5V, + 12V circuit due to the drying of filter condensates.
Symptoms:
— block whistles or beeps;
— the tone of the whistle changes under load;
— the block whistles only when it is cold or when it is hot.
Diagnosis: Cracks in the printed circuit board or missing elements.
Treatment:
— disassemble the block;
— visually inspect the printed circuit board at the soldering points of key transistors and filter chokes for oval cracks at the soldering point;
— if nothing is found, then we still solder the legs of the power elements.
— check and enjoy the silence.
There are a great many other faults, up to internal breaks or interturn breakdowns, cracks in the board and parts, and so on. Temperature malfunctions are especially annoying when it works until it heats up or cools down.
Power supplies from other manufacturers have a similar principle of operation, which will allow you to find and fix the problem.
At the end of a couple of tips on the power supply:
1. Never unplug a working power supply with APFC! First park the system, and then unplug or turn off the power cord — otherwise you will finish the game …
In the event of a power failure at the time of operation of the unit, an arc stretches and sparking occurs, which leads to a bunch of harmonics other than 50Hz — this time, the voltage decreases and the APFC switches try to keep a stable voltage at the output, while opening completely and for a longer time, causing even more current and the arc is two. This leads to the breakdown of open transistors with huge currents and uncontrolled harmonic voltages — these are three.
This is easy to check if you wish. Personally, I have already checked … now I wrote this article and spent $ 25 on repairs. You can also write your own. By the way, in FSP Epsilon 1010, the button on the case does not turn off the power wire, but the control system, while all the power elements remain energized — be careful! Therefore, if you really need to urgently turn off the computer, then do it with the power button on the unit — everything is thought out here.
2. If you know in advance that you will work with an uninterruptible power supply, then buy a power supply with PPFC. This will save you unnecessary trouble.
In the story, I tried not to give unnecessary graphs, diagrams, formulas and technical terms, so that on the fifth line I would not scare away the ordinary tormentor of my PC, a deeper understanding of the basics of nutrition of which will extend its uptime.
Now is the time to disassemble the system unit and determine the model of your power supply, at the same time shake out the dust from it.