Jetstream 980: Palit GTX 980 JetStream Specs

Geforce GTX 980 Jetstream 4GB GDDR5 Graphics Card NE5X980014G2-2042J

Geforce GTX 980 Jetstream 4GB GDDR5 Graphics Card NE5X980014G2-2042J Discontinued
More variations available Show

Replaced by the Palit Geforce GTX 980 Ti Super Jetstream 6GB GDDR5 NE5X98Th25JB-2000J

The GeForce GTX 980 is the world’s most advanced GPU. Powered by next-generation NVIDIA Maxwell architecture, it delivers incredible performance, unmatched power efficiency, and cutting-edge features.

The revolutionary Palit JetStream series of graphics cards features advanced innovative cooling and an optimised product design to deliver gamers the ultimate gaming experience. As the latest and the next generation NVIDIA Maxwell architecture features low power consumption, 4K Shadow Play and dynamic super resolution. With the GeForce Experience, the Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream guarantees gamers cutting-edge performance and an explosive new gaming experience.

Features

1. Powered by NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980 GPU
2. Semi-fanless GPU cooler pre-installed
3. Integrated with 4096MB GDDR5 memory and 256-bit memory interface
4. Features Dual link DVI-I, mini-HDMI and 3x mini-DisplayPort
5. Core Clock: Base / Boost clock：1127 / 1216 MHz
6. Supports NVIDIA G-Sync, 3D Vision, CUDA, PhysX, Super Resolution Technology
7. G3D benchmark rating: 9656

Maxwell is the most advanced GPU architecture ever made, designed to be the engine of next generation gaming. Inspired by light, it was designed to solve some of the most complex lighting and graphics challenges in visual computing. For the first time, gaming GPU’s can dynamically render indirect light using the new VXGI (Voxel Global Illumination technology). Scenes are significantly more lifelike as light interacts more realistically in the game environment.

The GTX 980 is the worlds fastest GPU delivering 2x the performance of previous-generation card, bringing new gaming experiences to virtual reality, and ultra resolution 4k displays.

Enable the detail of 4k monitors, on a 1080P display. DSR produces smoother images by rendering a game at a high resolution, then downscaling it to the native resolution of the display using advanced filtering.

GeForce GTX 980 cards support tear-free, super-fast NVIDIA G-Sync monitor display technology including 4k. Together, these technologies provide the most immersive and competitive gaming experiences possible.

Specifications	Palit GTX 980
Product Number	NE5X980014G2-2042J
Memory Amount	4096MB
Memory Interface	256bit
DRAM Type	GDDR5
Graphics Clock	Base Clock : 1127MHz / Boost Clock : 1216MHz
Memory Clock	3500 MHz (DDR 7000 MHz)
CUDA Cores	2048
Memory Bandwidth (GB/sec)	224
NVIDIA G-SNYC	Yes
NVIDIA SLI-ready	2-way
NVIDIA 3D Vision Ready	Yes
NVIDIA 3D Vision Surround Ready	Yes
NVIDIA PureVideo HD Technology	Yes
NVIDIA PhysX-ready	Yes
NVIDIA CUDA Technology	Yes
NVIDIA GPU Boost	2. 0
NVIDIA Adaptive Vertical Sync	Yes
Microsoft DirectX	12
OpenGL	4.4
Bus Support	PCI-E 3.0 x 16
Certified for Microsoft Windows 7	Yes
Certified for Microsoft Windows 8	Yes
Maximum Digital Resolution	4096×2160
Maximum VGA Resolution	2048×1536
Dual-Link DVI	Yes
HDCP	Yes
HDMI	mHDMI 2.0
DisplayPort	mini-DisplayPort x 3 1.2
Height	2.5 Slot
Overall dimensions	280 x 133 x 52mm (L x W X D)
Graphics Card Power	180 W
Minimum Recommended System Power	500 W
Supplementary Power Connectors	6-pin X1 8-pin X1
Accessory	Manual, Driver Disc, DVI-CRT Adapter, Power Cable
Warranty	24 months
EAN barcode	4710636268571

Specifications	Palit GTX 980
Product Number	NE5X980014G2-2042J
Memory Amount	4096MB
Memory Interface	256bit
DRAM Type	GDDR5
Graphics Clock	Base Clock : 1127MHz / Boost Clock : 1216MHz
Memory Clock	3500 MHz (DDR 7000 MHz)
CUDA Cores	2048
Memory Bandwidth (GB/sec)	224
NVIDIA G-SNYC	Yes
NVIDIA SLI-ready	2-way
NVIDIA 3D Vision Ready	Yes
NVIDIA 3D Vision Surround Ready	Yes
NVIDIA PureVideo HD Technology	Yes
NVIDIA PhysX-ready	Yes
NVIDIA CUDA Technology	Yes
NVIDIA GPU Boost	2. 0
NVIDIA Adaptive Vertical Sync	Yes
Microsoft DirectX	12
OpenGL	4.4
Bus Support	PCI-E 3.0 x 16
Certified for Microsoft Windows 7	Yes
Certified for Microsoft Windows 8	Yes
Maximum Digital Resolution	4096×2160
Maximum VGA Resolution	2048×1536
Dual-Link DVI	Yes
HDCP	Yes
HDMI	mHDMI 2.0
DisplayPort	mini-DisplayPort x 3 1.2
Height	2.5 Slot
Overall dimensions	280 x 133 x 52mm (L x W X D)
Graphics Card Power	180 W
Minimum Recommended System Power	500 W
Supplementary Power Connectors	6-pin X1 8-pin X1
Accessory	Manual, Driver Disc, DVI-CRT Adapter, Power Cable
Warranty	24 months
EAN barcode	4710636268571

See Also

Graphics and TV Cards
Ultra Grade Products

Product Resources

• Download latest NVIDIA drivers
• Palit website

Top PC Gaming Products

Recently Viewed Products

Nvidia GeForce GTX 980 vs Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream: What is the difference?

46points

Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

47points

Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream

vs

54 facts in comparison

Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream

Why is Nvidia GeForce GTX 980 better than Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream?

• 3 more DisplayPort outputs?
  3vs0
• 47. 7GTexels/s higher 3DMark Vantage Texture Fill result?
  173.1GTexels/svs125.4GTexels/s
• 1 more displays supported?
  4vs3
• 2 more GPUs supported?
  4vs2
• 14mm narrower?
  266mmvs280mm
• 22mm shorter?
  111mmvs133mm

Why is Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream better than Nvidia GeForce GTX 980?

• Has Double Precision Floating Point (DPFP)?
• 3 more mini-DisplayPort outputs?
  3vs0

Which are the most popular comparisons?

Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

vs

XFX HD 6950 XXX 2GB

Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream

vs

Asus Strix Radeon R9 390 DirectCU III OC

Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

vs

Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060

Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

vs

Nvidia GeForce RTX 3050 Laptop

Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

vs

AMD Radeon RX 580

Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

vs

Nvidia GeForce GTX 970

Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

vs

Nvidia GeForce GTX 1050

Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

vs

Asus ROG Strix GeForce GTX 1050

Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

vs

Manli GeForce GTX 1650

Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

vs

Nvidia Geforce GTX 1660 Super

Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

vs

Asus ROG Strix GeForce GTX 1050 Ti OC

Price comparison

User reviews

Performance

1. GPU clock speed

1126MHz

1127MHz

The graphics processing unit (GPU) has a higher clock speed.

2.GPU turbo

1216MHz

1216MHz

When the GPU is running below its limitations, it can boost to a higher clock speed in order to give increased performance.

3.pixel rate

72.1 GPixel/s

72.1 GPixel/s

The number of pixels that can be rendered to the screen every second.

4.floating-point performance

4.6 TFLOPS

4.62 TFLOPS

Floating-point performance is a measurement of the raw processing power of the GPU.

5.texture rate

144 GTexels/s

144 GTexels/s

The number of textured pixels that can be rendered to the screen every second.

6.GPU memory speed

1753MHz

1753MHz

The memory clock speed is one aspect that determines the memory bandwidth.

7.shading units

Shading units (or stream processors) are small processors within the graphics card that are responsible for processing different aspects of the image.

8.texture mapping units (TMUs)

TMUs take textures and map them to the geometry of a 3D scene. More TMUs will typically mean that texture information is processed faster.

9.render output units (ROPs)

The ROPs are responsible for some of the final steps of the rendering process, writing the final pixel data to memory and carrying out other tasks such as anti-aliasing to improve the look of graphics.

Memory

1.effective memory speed

7012MHz

7012MHz

The effective memory clock speed is calculated from the size and data rate of the memory. Higher clock speeds can give increased performance in games and other apps.

2. maximum memory bandwidth

224GB/s

224GB/s

This is the maximum rate that data can be read from or stored into memory.

3.VRAM

VRAM (video RAM) is the dedicated memory of a graphics card. More VRAM generally allows you to run games at higher settings, especially for things like texture resolution.

4.memory bus width

256bit

256bit

A wider bus width means that it can carry more data per cycle. It is an important factor of memory performance, and therefore the general performance of the graphics card.

5.version of GDDR memory

Newer versions of GDDR memory offer improvements such as higher transfer rates that give increased performance.

6.Supports ECC memory

✖Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

✖Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream

Error-correcting code memory can detect and correct data corruption. It is used when is it essential to avoid corruption, such as scientific computing or when running a server.

Features

1.DirectX version

DirectX is used in games, with newer versions supporting better graphics.

2.OpenGL version

OpenGL is used in games, with newer versions supporting better graphics.

3.OpenCL version

Some apps use OpenCL to apply the power of the graphics processing unit (GPU) for non-graphical computing. Newer versions introduce more functionality and better performance.

4.Supports multi-display technology

✔Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

✔Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream

The graphics card supports multi-display technology. This allows you to configure multiple monitors in order to create a more immersive gaming experience, such as having a wider field of view.

5.load GPU temperature

A lower load temperature means that the card produces less heat and its cooling system performs better.

6.supports ray tracing

✖Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

✖Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream

Ray tracing is an advanced light rendering technique that provides more realistic lighting, shadows, and reflections in games.

7.Supports 3D

✔Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

✔Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream

Allows you to view in 3D (if you have a 3D display and glasses).

8.supports DLSS

✖Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

✖Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream

DLSS (Deep Learning Super Sampling) is an upscaling technology powered by AI. It allows the graphics card to render games at a lower resolution and upscale them to a higher resolution with near-native visual quality and increased performance. DLSS is only available on select games.

9.PassMark (G3D) result

Unknown. Help us by suggesting a value. (Nvidia GeForce GTX 980)

This benchmark measures the graphics performance of a video card. Source: PassMark.

Ports

1.has an HDMI output

✔Nvidia GeForce GTX 980

✔Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream

Devices with a HDMI or mini HDMI port can transfer high definition video and audio to a display.

2.HDMI ports

Unknown. Help us by suggesting a value. (Nvidia GeForce GTX 980)

Unknown. Help us by suggesting a value. (Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream)

More HDMI ports mean that you can simultaneously connect numerous devices, such as video game consoles and set-top boxes.

3.HDMI version

Unknown. Help us by suggesting a value. (Nvidia GeForce GTX 980)

Unknown. Help us by suggesting a value. (Palit GeForce GTX 980 JetStream)

Newer versions of HDMI support higher bandwidth, which allows for higher resolutions and frame rates.

4.DisplayPort outputs

Allows you to connect to a display using DisplayPort.

5.DVI outputs

Allows you to connect to a display using DVI.

6.mini DisplayPort outputs

Allows you to connect to a display using mini-DisplayPort.

Price comparison

Cancel

Which are the best graphics cards?

Palit GTX 980 Super JetStream

NVIDIA launched its Maxwell GM204 based GPU back then in September 2014 and we’ve seen its prime from our review of both GTX970 and GTX980, but that’s just the beginning of our review on the Maxwell GM204 based GPU from NVIDIA. In collaboration with one of our nation’s best gaming rig builder at Ideal Tech, we manage to get our hands on the Palit GTX980 Super JetStream for today’s review.

Palit GTX980 Super JetStream features not only features of the latest NIVIDA Maxwell GPU, but also a custom PCB design, 0db fan cooling of its own. The retail price of the Palit GTX980 Super JetStream will be around RM2119, but let’s put that aside now and focus on what kind of performance can we expect from it.

Specifications

Model Name	Palit GTX 980 Super Jetstream
Graphics Engine	NVIDIA GeForce GTX 980
Bus Standard	PCI Express 3.0
Video Memory	4GB GDDR5
Engine Clock	GPU Boost Clock: 1304 MHz GPU Base Clock: 1203 MHz
CUDA Core	2048
Memory Clock	7200 MHz
Memory Interface	256-bit
Interface	DVI Output : Yes x 1 (DVI-I) HDMI Output : Yes x 1 (HDMI 2. 0) Display Port : Yes x 3 (mini Display Port) HDCP Support : Yes
Accessories	Manual, Driver Disc, DVI-VGA Adapter, Power Cable
Software	Palit ThunderMaster
Dimensions	280mm x 140mm x 40mm

Packaging

The retail packaging of the Palit GTX980 Super JetStream comes with its usual Chinese character 風 which carries the meaning of wind. There’s not much details provided here except for the latest technology from NVIDIA. 

This one appears to be a limited offer where a coupon for in-game rewards in Phantasy Star Online 2 is included. 

Behind the packaging we don’t see any details related to the JetStream series graphics card other than what’s from NVIDIA.

Upon further examining the packaging, we find a lid which reveals the description introducing the unique features of the graphics card itself (Finally?).  

Accessories

The included accessories seems pretty standard, a driver CD, user’s manual, DVI-VGA adapter, PCIe Y-Splitter and a free coupon to redeem in-game rewards for the game Phantasy Star Online 2.

Closer Look

The GTX980 Super JetStream has taken on a new look with dual cooling fan design and a new red-black themed shroud instead of the usual triple cooling fan and black-gold themed shroud.

LED cooling fans is used as an element of aesthetics.

The distinctive JetStream logo.

And there’s the brand logo of Palit.

Requirement to power up the GTX980 Super JetStream, 6-pin PCIe and 8-pin PCIe power connector.

The amount of heatpipes and aluminum fins on heatsink does looks very promising. 

SLI fingers for multiple NVIDIA GPU configuration – up to 4 GPU.

Not a fancy looking backplate we’d say, but it’ll still provide the very same protection to the card by improving its rigidity to prevent sagging or PCB bending issue.

The GTX980 Super JetStream comes with a total of 5 output display connector to satisfy your needs for multiple display monitor – 3 x Mini Display Port, 1 x HDMI and 1 x DVI-I.

Performance Test

Test Rig Configuration
CPU Cooler	Prolimatech Samuel 17
CPU	Intel Core i7 4790K
Motherboard	ASUS Maximus Gene VI
Memory	G.Skill TridentX [email protected]
Primary Hard Drive	Kimtigo KTA-350 120GB
Power Supply	BitFenix Fury 550G
Chassis	Vector Benchcase

We’ve conducted our test by installing the Palit GTX980 Super JetStream to our test bench as above and each and every benchmark is conducted in a room with 31C° ambient temperature.

Performance, Overclocking and Temperature
We ran a few graphically demanding games and synthetic benchmark in our possession at the resolution of 1920 x 1080, 4x Anti-aliasing. Due limited voltage adjustment, we’ve only managed to push the Palit GTX980 Super JetStream to its highest stable clock that is able to complete each game benchmark with the following values:

• Maximum boost clock of 1492 MHz
• 8025 MHz on the memory clock
• 1.2V on the voltage for GPU

The final result of each benchmark is presented in the form of the graph below:

Although the overclocking result in numbers looks pretty impressive, but the performance gain we’re seeing here is a little odd for certain benchmark. Here’s the difference that we’ve observed in each benchmark after overclocking the Palit GTX980 Super JetStream:

• Unigine Valley: 10.5%
• Unigine Heaven: 13.9%
• Tomb Raider: 9.5%
• Battlefield 3: 9. 5%
• Battlefield 4: 12.6%
• Crysis 3: 21.8%
• Far Cry 3: 13.1%

Temperature wise,  the idle temperature hovers around 46°C which we consider unpleasant to our eye but still acceptable as it’s unlikely to damage any component with that temperature. It’s cooling performance seems pretty decent but we’re expecting it to be better as the highest temperature of 78°C is recorded when we’re on FurMark stress test utility, a little warmer compared to the previous Maxwell based GTX 980 that we’ve previously dealt with. 

Final Thoughts
The Palit GTX980 Super JetStream displays great overclocking potential despite of the overvoltage limitation set by NVIDIA since October 2012 and 1492 MHz is the current highest clock we can get to run the graphics card stably with the current limitations.

Similar to what we’ve seen on the ASUS STRIX graphics card 0db fan design where the cooling will on spins when the GPU temperature hit above 65°C, the idle temperature gets pretty warm and some might find it uncomfortable even though the temperature is still not quite enough to do any damage to the graphics card – that’s the trade off for its silent cooling.

And finally it’s down to the price tag, RM 2099. While the cheapest GTX980 around costs roughly RM1999, paying that RM20 extra doesn’t seems to be a bad deal for those who seeks for a balanced graphics cards in terms of noise/performance/price. The only thing that concerns us now is the coil noise issue when the card is on full load even though this doesn’t really affects the performance.

Pros

• Aesthetic appearance
• Reasonable price for the extras
• One of the highest factory overclocked GTX980
• Good overclocking potential
• Comes with a metal backplate for enhanced rigidity and protection against PCB sagging
• Comes with free coupon for in-game item redemption (could be a limited offer)
• Able to maintain a decent idle temperature even without cooling support from fans

Cons

• Limited overclocking capability due to NVIDIA’s Green Light Program
• higher idle temperature due to the fans that only spins when the temperature hits above 65°C
• Odd choice of video output
• Coil noise issue

American reconnaissance aircraft approached Crimea

US Air Force Boeing RC-135V strategic jet transport aircraft carried out reconnaissance off the coast of Crimea and the borders of the Kaliningrad region. Earlier, the head of the radio engineering troops of the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation, Andrey Koban, said that in 2018, more than 980,000 air objects were detected and escorted by duty combat crews.

US Air Force strategic jet transport aircraft Boeing RC-135V carried out reconnaissance off the coast of Crimea and near the borders of the Kaliningrad region on Thursday, December 27th.

A message from the monitoring resource PlaneRadar on Twitter notes that an electronic reconnaissance aircraft took off from the Greek island of Crete at about 7 am Moscow time. A few hours later, the board began to explore the Russian Black Sea coast.

“08.20 Moscow time. Approaching the Black Sea,» PlaneRadar said in a statement.

At about 1 pm the aircraft returned to its base airfield. Later, the same plane flew near the borders of the Kaliningrad region and Belarus, reports FAN .

Two weeks earlier Andrey Koban, head of the Radio Engineering Troops of the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation, spoke about the tension created by such flights of NATO aircraft near the Russian borders, reports Krasnaya Zvezda .

“Combat duty is intensified primarily by an increase in the intensity of air traffic within the boundaries of responsibility of the radio engineering troops. Every day, duty forces detect and escort more than 5,000 air objects, of which about 2,500 are foreign aircraft. About 20 subdivisions are put on alert No. 1,” the military man said.

At the same time, he assured that the Russian troops are ready for this type of reconnaissance by foreign aircraft.

“In 2018, the on-duty combat crews of the radio engineering troops detected and provided escort for more than 980,000 air targets.

Of these, about three thousand combat foreign aircraft, including more than a thousand reconnaissance aircraft. At the same time, duty forces were put on alert No. 1 more than four thousand times. This is a clear proof of the high intensity of combat duty in the radio engineering troops, to which we are accustomed and ready for, ”said the general.

Last month, the US Navy’s Boeing P-8A Poseidon anti-submarine aircraft conducted a reconnaissance flight in the Kerch Strait and Crimea. According to the PlaneRadar portal, the plane approached the coastline of the Crimean peninsula by 31 km. The flight time was 1 hour 10 minutes. Having completed the flight, the aircraft returned to its home airfield.

The day before, a US Air Force RQ-4A Global Hawk strategic unmanned aerial vehicle conducted reconnaissance in the same area. Having flown around the southern coast of Crimea and Kerch, he also monitored the line of demarcation in the Donbass.

Another US Air Force Boeing RC-135V electronic reconnaissance aircraft made a reconnaissance flight along the Russian coast of the Black Sea on Monday morning, November 26th.

A scout with the callsign BASTE41 took off from the Souda Bay air base on the island of Crete at 08:50 Moscow time and headed towards the Crimea. Boeing flew through the airspace of Bulgaria, and then turned east, flying around the Crimean and Caucasian coasts of Russia.

Earlier last month, a Russian Tupolev Tu-142 anti-submarine aircraft flew at low altitude over NATO ships that were participating in exercise Trident Juncture.

NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said that these maneuvers were not directed against any particular country.

However, they send the message that «NATO is ready and able to protect all allies from any threat.»

Also in November, a Russian Aerospace Forces Su-27 fighter took off to escort an American EP-3E reconnaissance aircraft near Russian borders. As specified in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the flight took place at a safe distance.

According to the military, first duty airspace control facilities noticed an unidentified target over the neutral waters of the Black Sea, which was gradually moving towards the Russian border.

Then a Su-27 fighter flew up to a safe distance to an unidentified object, identified it, and then began to escort it, preventing violations of Russia’s borders. When the EP-3E took a different course and began to move away, the attack aircraft of the Russian Aerospace Forces returned to its airfield.

“The Russian Aerospace Forces taught the US Navy command a clear lesson that it is much safer to spy on the Russian region remotely,” Andrey Kozenko, State Duma deputy from Crimea, said in this regard.

He also promised that

RF Armed Forces would continue to defend their territory from foreign reconnaissance from the air.

“Of course, stopping any attempts to violate the airspace in such a precautionary, careful, I would even say, way is the essence of the work to cool Washington’s heads and a reminder that Crimea today is a strategic region of Russia,” the parliamentarian noted.

Active and jet turbines — Studiopedia

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Turbines in which the entire available heat difference is converted into the kinetic energy of the flow in the nozzles, and no expansion occurs in the channels between the working blades (the pressure of the working fluid does not change), are called active or equal pressure turbines.

In the simplest active turbine, the working fluid enters the nozzle 1 (or a group of nozzles), accelerates in it to a high speed and is directed to the working blades 2 (Fig. 35). The forces caused by the rotation of the jet in the channels of the working blades (see Fig. 34, c) rotate the disk 3 and associated shaft 4. A disk with working blades and a shaft attached to it is called a rotor. One row of nozzles and one disk with working blades make up a stage.

Fig. 35. Diagram of the turbine stage

On the blades of the impeller, the kinetic energy of the flow is converted into work. When entering the blade, the circumferential component of the flow velocity coincides with the direction of movement of the blade, and when leaving, it is opposite to it (Fig. 28). Therefore, the absolute flow velocity at the outlet is much less than at the inlet.

The moving flow acts on the rotor blades with a force of . (circumferential force) causes the rotor to rotate.

A single-stage active turbine was built by Laval in 1883. (Fig. 36).

Fig. 36. Scheme of a single-stage Laval turbine

Steam enters one or more nozzles 4, acquires a significant speed in them and is directed to the rotor blades 5. The exhaust steam is removed through the exhaust pipe 8. blades and shaft 1 , enclosed in housing 6. Front 2 and rear 7 labyrinth seals are installed at the shaft passage through the housing to prevent steam leakage. Since the entire available heat drop is worked out in one stage, the flow rates in the nozzles turn out to be large. When, for example, superheated steam with parameters of 1 MPa and 500°C expands to a pressure of 10 kPa, the heat drop is rounded equal to 980 kJ/kg, which corresponds to a flow velocity of 1400m/s. At such flow rates, large losses are inevitable and, most importantly, circumferential velocities in them that are unacceptable in terms of the strength of the blades. Therefore, single-stage Laval turbines have limited power (up to 1 MW) and low efficiency. All large turbines are made multistage. On fig. 37 shows a diagram of an active multi-stage turbine, which includes several stages arranged in series along the course of the steam, sitting on the same shaft. The stages are separated from each other by diaphragms in which nozzles are built.

In such turbines, the pressure drops as the steam passes through the nozzles and remains constant on the rotor blades. The absolute steam velocity in the stage, called the pressure stage, then increases — in the nozzles, then decreases — on the rotor blades. Since the volume of steam increases as it expands, the geometric dimensions of the flow path increase along the course of the steam. If the total body drop ( h ₀ — h _out ) is equally distributed between z pressure stages, then the speed of steam outflow from the nozzles of each stage, m/s, . It follows that the use of pressure stages can achieve moderate values ​​of with ₁ , ensuring high efficiency.

Fig. 37. Scheme of an active turbine with three pressure stages:

1 — nozzle; 2 — inlet pipe; 3 — working blade of the 1st stage; 4 — nozzle; 5 — second stage working blade; 6 — nozzle; 7 — 3rd stage working blade; 8 — exhaust pipe; 9 — diaphragms

The first model of an engine using reactive power was built by Hero of Alexandria in 120 BC. (Fig. 38).

When steam flows out of the nozzles, reactive forces arise here that rotate the system counterclockwise. The turbine stage, according to Heron’s model, would be a rotating disk with nozzles, to which it is necessary to organize a continuous supply of the working fluid. Due to the complexity of designing such stages, and even more so multistage turbines, purely jet turbines have not been created. The jet principle has found wide application only in jet engines of aircraft (rockets, airplanes, etc.).

In practice, turbines are called reactive, in which the available heat difference is converted into kinetic energy of the flow not only in the nozzles, but also on the rotor blades.

Fig. 38. Scheme of the first model of a jet steam turbine

Modern powerful turbines are multi-stage with a certain degree of reactivity, most often Ohm = 0.5. In each stage of such a turbine, the expansion of the working fluid occurs not only in the nozzle channels, but also on the rotor blades. The stage fires only a part of the total pressure drop across the turbine, and with a large number of them, the pressure difference in an individual stage turns out to be small, and the flow rates are moderate. With the degree of reactivity Ohm = 0.5, the nozzle and working blades have the same shape. Moreover, the same blade profile can be used in all turbine stages, and only the length of the blades changes in accordance with the increase in the volume of the working medium as the pressure decreases. This is convenient from the point of view of their manufacture.

The left half of figure 39 shows the casing or high-pressure cylinder (HPC) of a 300 MW condensing triple-casing turbine for supercritical steam parameters with reheat steam up to 565 °C. HPC is a double-walled cast structure. The steam first enters the nozzle box 4, located in the inner casing 3, passes through stage 6 with two blades and five pressure stages from right to left. Leaving the inner casing, the steam turns 180°, passes between the inner and outer 1 housings and goes on to six pressure stages. At the same time, it washes and cools the inner body, and also partially unloads its walls, which are under internal pressure. In the inner casing, the diaphragms 2 are attached directly to the wall, and in the outer casing they are fixed in intermediate cages 5. The cages allow organizing steam extraction for regeneration.

After intermediate overheating in the boiler, steam with parameters of 3.53 MPa and 565 °C enters the medium and then low pressure housing (right).

Fig. 39. Longitudinal section of the turbine K-300-240-1 LMZ:

on the left — high pressure cylinder; right — medium and low pressure cylinders



Scientific and technical foundations of nuclear power. T. 2. — 1950 — Electronic Library «History of Rosatom»

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Content

Cover cover

1 Titile sheets

4th editorial office

5

CoEN K.

Chapter I. Chapter I. Separation

51. Introduction

62. Statement

73. The optimal cascade

104

125. More general cases of cascades

146. Separation power

167. Distillation

208. Some applications

23

Armistead F.

Chapter II. Vacuum technique

231. Introduction

232. Separation of isotopes

243. Shells in boilers

244. Particles accelerators

245. General description of the leakage installation

296. Methods of the current

9000 317. The cap

328. Masqueation of masking. and flushing

329. Sensitivity and estimation of leak size

3410. Leak detection methods

3511. Some notes on the design of vacuum-tight systems

36 Literature for Chapter II

37

Fridman F.

Chapter III. Theoretical foundations of some measurements necessary for designing boilers

371. Introduction

372. Density of moderation near a point source

403. Measurement of the resonant capture probability

414. Measurement of L ²

445. Measurement of the thermal utilization factor0003 47

Sargent B.

Chapter IV. Studies in neutron physics on Chok-River

47 47-pound of

471. Introduction

482. Reproduction of neutrons in a boiler on heavy water

503. Description of a low-power boiler

53NONETRONE Physics

9000 534. Diffusion of thermal neutrons in severe water

565. Mean transport length for thermal neutrons in heavy water

566. Diffusion length for thermal neutrons in heavy water

597. Boiler shutdown

61 References for Ch. IV

62

Weinberg A.

Chapter V. Calculation of the distribution of neutrons in heterogeneous boilers 70

Plyachek G.

Chapter VI. The concept of albedo in the elementary theory of diffusion

701. Theory

752. Determination of albedo

813. Asymmetric distributions of sources

824. Use of albedo to determine critical dimensions

84References to Ch. VI

85

Sudak G.

Chapter VII. Boiler kinetics

851. Introduction

852. General remarks. Own states

883. Tasks of tasks

894. Approach to equilibrium distribution

905. The effect of delaying neutrons

966. Forced fluctuations in the boiler

1007. Outings in a complex boiler

103

Hoffman F.

Chapter VIII. Statistical consideration of the theory of boilers

103[Introduction]

106K measurements

108Definition of γf

114 Study of equation (8.25). Selection method

116 Study of equation (8.25). Method of analysis of experimental curves

118 Intensity fluctuations in a water boiler

124

Jilliland E., Bareys D., Fake G.

Chapter IX. Removal of heat from nuclear reactors

1241. Introduction

1272. General relationships

1293. Consideration of various coolants

1344. Design variables

1365. Non-circular cross-sections

1386. Sinusoidal energy release

1477. Distribution of temperature along heat transmitting tubes

151reactor with helium cooling

1518. Starting assumptions of the calculation

1519. Heat transfer and energy balance

15310. The results of calculations

15411. power cycle considerations

156Water cooled reactor

15612. Calculation assumptions

15713. Temperature and pressure

15814. The volume of the coolant

15815. Water in the ring gap

15916. Sinusoidal energy release

16017. Gas gap

161 liquid metals as coolants

16118. Initial assumptions of the calculation

16319. The heat -thermally reactor system from the reactor 9000.

17020. Sodium cooled reactor

17221. Steam boiler arrangement

173 Physical constants

17322. Sodium

17423. Lead

17524. Summary of physical permanent

17525. Calculation formulas

18226. Calculation of steam boiler

185 filling

188

Jhan Shen-SU

Chapter X. Rockets and other reactive engines using nuclear energy (with reviews use of porous materials in a boiler)

1881. Simple theory of rockets

1892. Relativistic theory of rockets

1923. Idealized optimal installation using nuclear energy

1954. A missile with nuclear fuel

2005. Examples of calculating a rocket with nuclear combustible

2046. Opportunities to reduce a critical size

2067. The use of nuclear fuel for other jet engines

2078. Advantages of the porous material for the reactor

209 9999999 99999 99 Litigatingities to ch. X

210

Goldberger M.

Chapter XI. Protection of Nuclear Reactors

2101 Introduction

2112 Permissible Radiation Doses

2153. Absorption of radiation in matter

223 References for Ch. XI

224

Allen A.

Chapter XII. Effect of radiation on matter

2241. Introduction

2242. Types of radiation and their effects on matter

2263. Effect of radiation on chemical bonds

2274. Effect of radiation on simple gases

2315. solutions

2417 Corrosion of metals

2428 Solids

245 Literature for Ch. XII

247

Irvin J.

Chapter XIII. Obtaining radioactive isotopes

2471. Introduction

2472. The main production methods

2503. Industrial standards for radioactive isotopes

2544. Neutron reactions

2585. Fecal reactions

2636. Production problems

265 265 liners to Gl. XIII

266

Kaufman A.

Chapter XIV. Materials used in the construction of boilers: metals, alloys and compounds

266 stamping and broaching

2799. Anisotropy of materials

27910. Welding

281

Evans R.

Chapter XV.

Service Personnel Health 2811 Introduction

2832. Types and sources of radiation

2843. Basic characteristics of living tissues

2864. Biological effects of radiation

3045. Equipment used in safety engineering

307 Literature for Ch. XV

308

Goodman K.

Chapter XVI. Prospects for the use of nuclear energy

3081. Application of nuclear energy

3092. Aircraft using nuclear energy

3143. Submarine using nuclear energy

3154. Industrial use of nuclear energy

3185. The world need for energy

3206. Economics of nuclear energy

3247. New nuclear fuel

327 Appendix

329

Stevens G.

Energy Equal Equation A. fission process 334

Pomeroy J.

Appendix B. Electromagnetic methods of isotope separation 340

Boyer C., Title K.

Appendix C. Number of secondary neutrons per fission and their energy

348 Table of contents

348 End page

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