AMD Confirms Current X470, X370 Motherboards Won’t Support PCIe 4.0 For Zen 2
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We’ve got some bad news for anyone that was hoping to hold on to their AMD 300- or 400-Series motherboard for a little while adopting new Ryzen 3000 Zen 2 processors. Yesterday, we reported that Ryzen 3000 processor will work on X470 and B450 motherboards without any performance penalty, which was definitely good news to hear.
However, we’re learning today that we can’t say the same for PCIe 4.0 support. There are a number of PCIe 4.0 devices on the way including the Radeon RX 5700 Navi series of graphics cards and SSDs from Corsair and Gigabyte (among others). There was some scuttlebutt in the past few weeks that some existing X470 and X370 motherboards would support PCIe 4.0 with a potential BIOS update; a feature that we thought would we reserved for X570 motherboards. Comments regarding this impending support came from motherboard manufacturers that over-engineered their boards and felt that they would be capable of carrying PCIe 4. 0 signals.
Well, you know what they say when you assume things. Robert Hallock, who serves on AMD’s technical marketing team, clarified that there will be no PCIe 4.0 support on pre-X570 motherboards. It looks as though AMD will be locking down X470 and X370 motherboards to PCIe Gen 3 specs to ensure reliability and compliance.
«There’s no guarantee that older motherboards can reliably run the more stringent signaling requirements of Gen4, and we simply cannot have a mix of ‘yes, no, maybe’ in the market for all the older motherboards,» said Hallock in a reddit post. «The potential for confusion is too high.
«When final BIOSes are released for 3rd Gen Ryzen (AGESA 1000+), Gen4 will not be an option anymore. We wish we could’ve enabled this backwards, but the risk is too great.»
ASUS ROG Crosshair VIII Formula X570 Motherboard
It appears that board signaling issues could be the cause for AMD’s decision to lock PCIe 4.
0 support to only X570 motherboards going forward. Interestingly, the reddit thread in which Hallock posted has a lively discussion going back and forth over whether it should be left up to individual board makers to certify the use of PCIe 4.0.
One redditor, Parad1gm5h2f7, seems incredibly irked with the situation, writing, «Promises made and vendors talking about pci 4 compliance on boards pre x570 release. To me, this reeks of marketing opportunity and purposeful disabling of features to upsell other parts. This is smelling of AMD forgetting what makes them popular and tongue and cheeking customers for profit.»
Whatever the case, it seems as though AMD didn’t want the blame placed on them if users ran into compatibility problems, which we can totally understand. So yes, PCIe 4 devices will work on older AMD motherboards, but just at PCIe Gen 3 speeds. You can’t fault AMD for needing to run these devices in backwards compatibility mode, because when these older motherboards were designed, the PCIe 4.
0 interface ecosystem wasn’t even in production yet. Tell us what you think about AMD’s decision in the comments section.
Updated 6/3/2019 @ 4:26pm
A previous version of this article had factual errors that have been since corrected.
AMD Chipset Comparison: B550 Specs vs. X570, B450, X370, & Zen 3 Support (2020) | GamersNexus
In this content, we’re going to be breaking-down the AMD B550 vs. X570, B450, X470, X370, and A320 chipset specifications number-by-number. Our goal is to look at this purely from a facts-based angle of what the differences are, and those differences will include both numerical specification differences (number and type of lanes afforded) and forward or backwards compatibility differences. This includes the intent of the 500-series chipsets to support Zen 3 architecture (reminder: that’s not the same as Ryzen 4000 mobile, nor is it the same as Ryzen 3000 desktop), while the existing B450 and X470 boards are left to cap-out at Ryzen 3000 series (Zen 2) parts.
We have some additional discussion of the basics of naming, including CPU naming distinctions, in our video component that accompanies this article. You may get more information on the differences between AMD Zen generations and Ryzen generations in that content.
B550 vs. B550A
First off, B550A, which has already been out and which we have covered, is not the same as B550. B550A is made only for OEMs and SIs (system integrators) for pre-built systems. The entire point of B550A was to basically get the number “500” onto the box to make it seem new. B550A is just B450. It’s identical. The only difference is that the name was changed for pre-built PC providers.
That out of the way, B550 is the actually new one that’s interesting. The AMD B550 chipset release date is June 16, with most manufacturer motherboards shipping by July. Outside of chipset choice, the biggest consideration would be VRM quality, PCIe generation usage, and BIOS quality, but that’s a different topic.
Future Support
Outside of the I/O differences that we’ll discuss, the primary advantage for the 500-series chipsets going forward is that AMD is segmenting its support for future CPU architectures. The B550 and X570 chipsets will both support the unreleased Zen 3 architecture when it launches, presumably later this year, while B450 and X470 will only support up to Zen 2 CPUs. In terms of product IDs, that means up to Ryzen 3000 will be supported on the 400-series and 300-series (most of the time), with some caveats, and at least up to Ryzen 4000 will be supported on the 500-series. This additional future-looking support will be the driving reason for upcoming board purchases to consider 500-series boards rather than 400-series, especially considering a lot of the 400 boards are otherwise almost certainly perfectly capable of driving stock or moderately overclocked CPUs of even the next generation. Officially, AMD only marked AM4 for support into 2020, and it seems as if AM4 life has been expanded by at least another 6 months to a year with the 500 series + Zen 3 support.
Ryzen 1000 isn’t supported on all X470 and B450 boards due to limitations of space on the BIOS ROM. 3000 APUs are not supported on x570 or B550, but 3000 desktop CPUs go through B550.
AMD B550 Chipset
Here’s a block diagram of AMD’s B550 chipset. Remember that the CPU’s capabilities are independent and unchanged by the chipset outside of BIOS lock-downs, so PCIe Gen4 on the CPU will run directly to the primary PCIe x16 slot and primary M.2 socket. That means B550 motherboards, unlike their predecessors, will officially support PCIe Gen4 for up to two devices. Some early BIOS revisions on B450 motherboards also allowed this, but that was erased with later AGESA updates. The chipset downlink remains PCIe Gen3 x4 because the chipset doesn’t extend any PCIe Gen4 lanes to other devices, so the extra downlink bandwidth found on X570 is unnecessary.
Chipset Differences
Time to talk about the chipset differences. We made a table for this and have verified the information as accurate.
AMD Chipset Specs & Comparison (2020) | GamersNexus.net
|
|||||||
| Chipset | X570 | B550 | X470 | B450 | X370 | B350 | A320 |
| Officially Supports (some boards may expand support) |
Zen 3** (*so far; *no 3000 APU support) |
Zen 3** (*so far; *no 3000 APU support) |
Zen 2 | Zen 2 | Zen+, (incl. 3000 APUs) sometimes Zen2 |
Zen+, (incl. 3000 APUs) sometimes Zen2 |
|
| Chipset Link | PCIe 4.0 x4 | PCIe 3.0 x4 | PCIe 3.0 x4 | PCIe 3.0 x4 | PCIe 3. 0 x4 |
PCIe 3.0 x4 | PCIe 3.0 x4 |
| Usable PCIe Gen 4 | 16(8 reconfigurable as groups of 4 for 4x SATA or x4 NVMe) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Usable PCIe Gen 3 | 0 | 10(2 reconfigurable as SATA) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Usable PCIe Gen 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 4 |
| SATA III (6Gbps) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| SATA Express | 0 | 0 | 2x(or 4x SATA) (or x4 NVMe Gen 3) |
2x(or 4x SATA) (or x4 NVMe Gen 3) |
2x(or 4x SATA) (or x4 NVMe Gen 3) |
2x(or 4x SATA) (or x4 NVMe Gen 3) |
2x(or 4x SATA) (or x4 NVMe Gen 3) |
| USB 10Gbps | 8 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| USB 5Gbps | 0 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 |
| USB 480Mbps | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
We’ll start with X570 vs.
B550 chipset differences, as that’s likely the biggest question right now. Both chipsets support up to Zen 3 so far. We don’t know if they will support beyond that, but it seems unlikely. X570 uses a Gen4 chipset link, while B550 uses Gen3. That’s because X570 has PCIe Gen4 lanes off of the chipset that are separate from the CPU’s lanes, something B550 has 0 of. These are referred to as “general purpose” lanes and can be reconfigured into almost anything. Intel also has general purpose PCIe lanes on its chipset, but has additional phrasing for HSIO lanes, or high-speed I/O lanes, and makes distinctions between connected devices.
X570’s Gen4 lanes can be split into sub-groups, and we’ll need to briefly cut to an AMD slide for that.
Here’s the AMD X570 lane configuration in more detail than AMD’s original block diagram. We’re interested in those large blocks on the right side. There are four sets of x4 lanes listed here, so that’s the 16 number we just saw in our table, and those can be broken into any of the configurations below them.
For example, these could be broken into a single x8 PCIe Gen 4 slot, as illustrated by the orange bar on the left, and then the other 8 could be comprised of a PCIe Gen4 device and 4x SATA ports, or you could do 8x SATA ports, or if you’re making some weird mining board on X570, you could do 8 PCIe x1 slots. You get the idea. It’s pick-and-choose up to 16, more or less, with only a few guidelines.
Back to our table, we’ll pick up on the Gen3 line. B550 has 10 PCIe Gen3, with only 2 reconfigurable to SATA. We should clarify that “reconfigurable” means this is something the motherboard manufacturer can choose to do, not something the user can choose to do.
Neither X570 nor B550 have Gen2 general purpose lanes, but both have 4x SATA III (6Gbps) ports natively supported, 0 SATA Express, and they split USB 10Gbps into 8 on X570 and 2 on B550. USB 5Gbps is 2 on B550, with USB 480Mbps as 4 on X570, 6 on B550. The total USB native support is 12 on X570 and 10 on B550. We listed it with speeds since the USB-IF totally screwed its naming convention, but if you prefer names, that’d be USB 2.
0 at 480Mbps, the originally-named USB 3.0 at 4.8Gbps, and then whatever 10 is, because they keep changing the damn names and we can’t keep up anymore. It’s probably USB 3.7 sqrt144 Gen0.5. Modern AMD CPUs also have 4x USB 10Gbps lanes, so you’ll always get at least that as long as the motherboard maker put the ports on the board.
Another reminder here: Limiting the chipset to this assortment of I/O devices doesn’t mean the motherboard is limited to just these. In addition to the devices powered by the lanes located on the CPU’s I/O die, which is the larger of the three chiplets on AMD’s design, the motherboard manufacturers can also buy third-party controllers to add more support. For example, a common choice is to buy an Aquantia NIC for 10Gb LAN. It’s not as common these days, but you sometimes see motherboard makers buying additional USB or SATA controllers to allow for more connected devices, or PEX/PLX chips to bifurcate the PCIe lanes. The chipset isn’t the only source of I/O, but it adds to cost to expand I/O capabilities, so most boards do stick close to the native support of the CPU and chipset combined.
Similarly, boards also don’t have to use every single lane on the chipset if they don’t want to — mini-ITX might be a good example of this, where a lot of them stop at 2 SATA ports.
B450 has been our go-to recommendation lately for anyone who isn’t making use of PCIe Gen4 and who doesn’t need the higher-end VRMs associated with X570. B450 and X470 are still perfectly capable and make sense for people who won’t use Gen4 devices. That said, going forward, the expanded support of X570 and B550 to include Zen 3 will likely change our recommendation toward B550 rather than B450. B450 supports up to Zen 2, uses a Gen3 link, and hosts zero PCIe 4 and PCIe 3 general purpose lanes of its own; instead, it runs 6 PCIe generation 2 general purpose lanes, compared to 8 on the X470 chipset. SATA III availability is 4 ports natively for X470, 2 for B450, with the option to split other lanes off into SATA. Those would come from your Gen2 general purpose lanes or from your SATA Express lanes, of which both last-gen chipsets have 2.
Each SATA Express lane can become 2x SATA ports, or you can take both and turn them into a x4 NVMe Gen3 M.2 device.
SATA support on these is equivalent for USB 10Gbps, it’s 6 and 2 for USB 4.8Gbps, and it’s 6 and 6 for USB 2.0, or 480Mbps.
The primary difference between B450 and B550 is the increased PCIe general purpose lanes that also benefit from becoming PCIe Gen3, rather than PCIe Gen2.
Let’s recap first-gen Ryzen’s launch chipsets now: X370, B350, and A320. X300 is covered in our launch coverage, if you’re curious about that implementation.
All three of these stopped officially supporting Ryzen past the Zen+ CPUs. X370, B450, and A320 support includes the confusingly named Ryzen 3000 CPUs that have APUs in them, and often includes Ryzen 3000 desktop CPUs, but not always. That requires a beta BIOS.
PCIe Gen2 general purpose lane assignment is 8 on X370, 6 on B350, and 4 on A320, SATA III runs 4, 2, and 2, respectively, and SATA Express is identical on all 3.
This is commonly split into M.2 or SATA devices. The USB 10Gbps support is 2, 2, and 1, from high-end to low-end, 4.8Gbps is 6, 2, and 2, and 480Mbps is 666, woe to you, oh earth and see, let him who hath understanding reckon the number of the beast.
That recaps the chipset differences in a clean fashion. There are a few other items to add:
AMD is trying to position B550 as a cheaper version of X570, rather than as a full step down in classification. The B450 boards technically didn’t support dual-GPU support, but B550 will, for whatever that’s worth. (It’s not much).
Based on AMD’s slide deck to media, the B550 chipset will not support the 3000 APUs, not to be confused with Zen 3 — we have no idea if its APUs will be supported, assuming it has any. The Athlon 3000G and Ryzen 3200G and 3400G APUs will not officially work in B550.
Editorial, Host: Steve Burke
Video: Keegan Gallick
Section X Cellular and Trunked Radio Stations (412-470 MHz, 815
- Main
- Documents
- Section X Cellular and Trunked Radio Stations (412-470 MHz, 815-2690 MHz) 90 004
Document expired or canceled For details, see Help
Decision of the State Committee for Radio Frequencies under the Ministry of Information and Communications of Russia dated January 31, 2005 N 05-04-01-001
(as amended on 07/01/2016)
«On the allocation of radio frequency bands for radio-electronic means and high-frequency devices imported from abroad into the territory of the Russian Federation»
Section X.
CELLULAR AND TRUNKING RADIO COMMUNICATION STATIONS
(412 — 470 MHz, 815 — 2690 MHz)
5-10)
(see text in previous edition)
|
N p / p through |
N p / p in section |
Name of RES |
Manufacturer’s name |
Note |
||
|
type |
model, platform |
firm |
country |
|||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|
1742 |
1 |
Airbridge with BTS3612-450 |
Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. |
China |
||
|
1743 |
2 |
BS240 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1744 |
3 |
BS 60D 900 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1745 |
4 |
BS 60D 1800 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1746 |
5 |
BTS312 |
Huawei Technologies Co. |
China |
||
|
1747 |
6 |
BTS30 |
Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. |
China |
||
|
1748 |
7 |
TETRA |
Rohde&Schwarz Bick Mobil-funk GmbH, Motorola |
Germany, USA |
||
|
1749 |
8 |
Nokia UltraSite |
Nokia Networks Oy |
Finland |
||
|
1750 |
9 |
S-8000 |
Nortel Networks |
France |
||
|
1751 |
10 |
ZXC10-BTS, software version V5.0 |
ZTE Corporation |
China |
||
|
1752 |
11 |
iSite |
Huawei Technologies Co. |
China |
||
|
1753 |
12 |
BTS112 |
ZTE CORPORATION |
PRC |
||
|
1754 |
13 |
BTS S222 |
ZTE CORPORATION |
PRC |
||
|
1755 |
14 |
BTS S111 |
ZTE CORPORATION |
PRC |
||
|
1756 |
15 |
ZXG10-BTS |
ZTE CORPORATION |
PRC |
||
|
1757 |
16 |
Indoor EVOLIUM MBS V1 |
Alcatel SEL AG |
Germany |
||
|
1758 |
17 |
EVOLIUM A9100 MBI3 BTS-9100 |
Alcatel SEL AG |
Germany |
||
|
1759 |
18 |
EVOLIUM A9100 MBI5 BTS-9100 |
Alcatel SEL AG |
Germany |
||
|
1760 |
19 |
Flexent 450 MHz Modular Cell Compact 3. |
Lucent Technologies Inc. |
USA, China |
||
|
1761 |
20 |
Quantar (FA706A) |
«Motorola GmbH» |
US |
||
|
1762 |
21 |
TBS410 |
Nokia Networks Oy, Nokia Corporation, Nokia Mobile Phones, Simoco Digital Systems |
Finland, UK |
||
|
1763 |
22 |
THR 850 (THR-1) |
Nokia Networks Oy, Nokia Corporation, Nokia Mobile Phones, Simoco Digital Systems |
Finland, UK |
||
|
1764 |
23 |
Simoco SRP 1000 |
Nokia Networks Oy, Nokia Corporation, Nokia Mobile Phones, Simoco Digital Systems |
Finland, UK |
||
|
1765 |
24 |
Simoco SRM 1000 |
Nokia Networks Oy, Nokia Corporation, Nokia Mobile Phones, Simoco Digital Systems |
Finland, UK |
||
|
1766 |
25 |
CSHP 902 (CSHP 902-2SD/CSHP 902-2 DD, CSHP 902-2 IR/CSHP 902-2 ER) |
Avitec AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1767 |
26 |
ACCESSNET |
Rohde & Schwarz Bick Mobilfunk GmbH |
Germany |
||
|
1768 |
27 |
DTX-500 |
Rohde & Schwarz Bick Mobilfunk GmbH |
Germany |
||
|
1769 |
28 |
BS240XS |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1770 |
29 |
THR850 |
Nokia Networks Oy, Nokia Corporation, Nokia Mobile Phones, Simoco Digital Systems |
Finland, UK |
||
|
1771 |
30 |
SRP 1000 |
Nokia Networks Oy, Nokia Corporation, Nokia Mobile Phones, Simoco Digital Systems |
Finland, UK |
||
|
1772 |
31 |
SRM 1000 |
Nokia Networks Oy, Nokia Corporation, Nokia Mobile Phones, Simoco Digital Systems |
Finland, UK |
||
|
1773 |
32 |
RBS 882D |
Radio Systems AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1774 |
33 |
RBS 884 Micro |
Radio Systems AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1775 |
34 |
RBS 884 High Power |
Radio Systems AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1776 |
35 |
RBS 2101 |
Ericsson Radio Systems AB, Ericsson AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1777 |
36 |
RBS 2202 |
Ericsson Radio Systems AB, Ericsson AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1778 |
37 |
RBS 2206 |
Ericsson Radio Systems AB, Ericsson AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1779 |
38 |
BS60 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1780 |
39 |
BS61 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1781 |
40 |
DAMM BS NMT-450i |
DAMM Cellular Systems A/S |
Denmark |
||
|
1782 |
41 |
MDS 4710 |
Microwave Data Systems Inc. |
US |
||
|
1783 |
42 |
DTX-540 |
Rohde&Schwarz |
Germany |
||
|
1784 |
43 |
TOB500 |
Rohde&Schwarz |
Germany |
||
|
1785 |
44 |
DIB540 |
Rohde&Schwarz |
Germany |
||
|
1786 |
45 |
DOB540 |
Rohde&Schwarz |
Germany |
||
|
1787 |
46 |
MTH-650 |
Motorola |
US |
||
|
1788 |
47 |
MTH-800 |
Motorola |
US |
||
|
1789 |
48 |
4006 Phoebe |
NIROS |
Denmark |
||
|
1790 |
49 |
4015 Phoebe |
NIROS |
Denmark |
||
|
1791 |
50 |
4006 Titan |
NIROS |
Denmark |
||
|
1792 |
51 |
4015 Titan |
NIROS |
Denmark |
||
|
1793 |
52 |
SRP1000 |
SEPURA |
UK |
||
|
1794 |
53 |
SRP2000 |
SEPURA |
UK |
||
|
1795 |
54 |
SRP2000SGPS |
SEPURA |
UK |
||
|
1796 |
55 |
SRM1000 |
SEPURA |
UK |
||
|
1797 |
56 |
SRM2000 |
SEPURA |
UK |
||
|
1798 |
57 |
SRG2000 |
SEPURA |
UK |
||
|
1799 |
58 |
PUMA T2 |
OTE |
Italy |
||
|
1800 |
59 |
PUMA T3 |
OTE |
Italy |
||
|
1801 |
60 |
RBS 2302 |
Ericsson AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1802 |
61 |
RBS 2401 |
Ericsson AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1803 |
62 |
BTS3812 |
Huawei Technologies Co. |
China |
||
|
1804 |
63 |
BS-20 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1805 |
64 |
BS-40 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1806 |
65 |
BS-82 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1807 |
66 |
BSS M1800 |
Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. |
China |
||
|
1808 |
67 |
Horizonmacro |
USA, England |
|||
|
1809 |
68 |
Horizon macro 2 |
USA, England |
|||
|
1810 |
69 |
Mini BTS iSite |
China, Germany |
|||
|
1811 |
70 |
METROSITE |
Nokia Networks Oy |
Finland |
||
|
1812 |
71 |
INSITE |
Nokia Networks Oy |
Finland |
||
|
1813 |
72 |
ZXG10-MB |
ZTE CORPORATION |
China |
||
|
1814 |
73 |
Evolium A9100 Base Station I5 |
Evolium A9100 Base Station I5 |
Germany, France |
||
|
1815 |
74 |
Univity Metro Cell BTS |
Univity Metro Cell BTS |
Canada |
||
|
1816 |
75 |
Flexent GSM Macrocell id |
Flexent GSM Macrocell id |
China, Germany |
||
|
1817 |
76 |
BTS 3001C |
||||
|
1818 |
77 |
BTS 3002C |
||||
|
1819 |
78 |
BTS 3012C |
||||
|
1820 |
79 |
PUMA T2 |
||||
|
1821 |
80 |
ZXC10 |
||||
|
1822 |
81 |
Fiber Optic Microcell |
||||
|
1823 |
82 |
Metro Cell |
||||
|
1824 |
83 |
Flexent CDMA Modular Cell |
||||
|
1825 |
84 |
BTS 3612 |
||||
|
1826 |
85 |
BSF414 |
||||
|
1827 |
86 |
BSR402 |
||||
|
1828 |
87 |
MFRM-2 Module Assy 450 MHz Dual Voltage 24/-48 |
||||
|
1829 |
88 |
BTS30 |
||||
|
1830 |
89 |
BTS3001C |
||||
|
1831 |
90 |
BTS3002C |
||||
|
1832 |
91 |
BTS3012A |
||||
|
1833 |
92 |
iSite |
||||
|
1834 |
93 |
BS82 II D900 |
||||
|
1835 |
94 |
BS82 II D1800 |
||||
|
1836 |
95 |
CSFT1822 |
||||
|
1837 |
96 |
CSFT |
||||
|
1838 |
97 |
CSFT922 |
||||
|
1839 |
98 |
CSR 922 |
||||
|
1840 |
99 |
CSR 924 |
||||
|
1841 |
100 |
EVOLIUM A9100 Base Station MBI3 |
||||
|
1842 |
101 |
EVOLIUM A9100 Base Station MBI5 |
||||
|
1843 |
102 |
Horizonmacro, Flexent GSM Macrocell id |
||||
|
1844 |
103 |
CSR414 |
||||
|
1845 |
104 |
CSHP902 |
||||
|
1846 |
105 |
Nortel Networks Univity Metro Cell |
||||
|
1847 |
106 |
BTS 3002C |
||||
|
1848 |
107 |
cBSC6600 |
Huawei Technologies Co. |
China |
||
|
1849 |
108 |
ETS 1000 |
Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. |
China |
||
|
1850 |
109 |
ETS 668 |
Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. |
China |
||
|
1851 |
110 |
ETS 678 |
Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. |
China |
||
|
1852 |
111 |
ETS 688 |
Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. |
China |
||
|
1853 |
112 |
RBS 2101 |
Ericsson AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1854 |
113 |
RBS 2102 |
Ericsson AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1855 |
114 |
RBS 2106 |
Ericsson AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1856 |
115 |
RBS 2202 |
Ericsson AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1857 |
116 |
KRC 131 47/15 |
Ericsson AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1858 |
117 |
KRC 131 48/15 |
Ericsson AB |
Sweden |
||
|
1859 |
118 |
BS 240 D900/1800 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1860 |
119 |
BS 241 D900/1800 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1861 |
120 |
BS 240 D900 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1862 |
121 |
BS 240 D1800 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1863 |
122 |
BS 241 D900 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1864 |
123 |
BS 241 D1800 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1865 |
124 |
BS 60 D900/1800 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1866 |
125 |
BS 61 D900/1800 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1867 |
126 |
BS 20 D900 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1868 |
127 |
BS 21 D900 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1869 |
128 |
BS 60 D900 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1870 |
129 |
BS 61 D900 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1871 |
130 |
BS 20 D1800 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1872 |
131 |
BS 21 D1800 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1873 |
132 |
BS 60 D1800 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1874 |
133 |
BS 61 D1800 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1875 |
134 |
EVOLIUM TM A910 Micro Base Station GSM 1800 |
Alcatel CIT, Alcatel SEL AG |
Germany |
||
|
1876 |
135 |
EVOLIUM A910 Micro Base Station GSM 900 |
Alcatel CIT, Alcatel SEL AG |
Germany |
||
|
1877 |
136 |
ZXG10-BTS |
ZTE CORPORATION |
China |
||
|
1878 |
137 |
Node-440 |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1879 |
138 |
NB-530 Macro FDD Node B |
Siemens AG |
Germany |
||
|
1880 |
139 |
RBS 3202 |
Ericsson |
Sweden |
||
|
1881 |
140 |
EVOLIUMTM Node/B v. |
Alcatel SEL AG |
Germany |
||
Ltd. 
Ltd. 
0 
Ltd. 
Ltd. 
2 You can view the full text of the document in the commercial version of ConsultantPlus.
Section IX. Radio access equipment, MMDS, LMDS (2400 — 30000 MHz), television (48.0 — 790.0 MHz) and broadcast (66.0 — 108.0 MHz) transmitters
Section XI. RES fixed and mobile satellite radio services (1.5 — 16 GHz), as well as accessories for them of various foreign manufacturers
how to create and maintain a channel, how and what to write
Additional income
And why I quit a successful channel
I’ve always wanted to keep a popular blog.
Andrey
led the channel in Zen
Author profile
In 2018, I was in the eleventh grade and was looking for a part-time job.
In Russian and literature, I had fives, and I dreamed of writing texts.
I found out that you can start a blog in Yandex Zen and write articles there on any topic. And Zen will place ad blocks in them and pay for it. I liked the idea. In addition, I already blogged on social networks, even though no one read them.
My first Zen channel was unsuccessful. But with the second, in 2019year, luckier. I promoted it and for almost a year received money from Zen, and additionally earned on advertising articles.
I’ll tell you what Yandex Zen is, how and how much I earned there, and why I eventually quit.
The editors warn
The author wrote the article in 2020, and during this time a lot has changed. «Zen» went to a separate page on the Internet, separating from Yandex. The interface of the service has changed, as well as the algorithms for distributing content in recommendations. Keep this in mind when you create your blog.
How Yandex Zen works
I read on the Internet what Zen is, who can become an author there, and what are the requirements for articles on Zen.
And then I figured out the fee system and indicators of a good channel.
What is it. Yandex Zen is a service that offers various articles to Yandex users. It analyzes their search queries and selects articles on similar topics. For example, if you were looking for something about politics and about the Unified State Examination, Zen will offer you to read about the president’s speech and how to pass mathematics without a tutor. You can like, dislike and write comments on articles — this way the service will understand what to recommend to you and what not.
So what? 05/31/19
Understanding Yandex business
A selection of articles is called a feed. In it, the reader sees only the titles and covers of articles. By clicking on them, he gets to the site where this article is published, or to someone’s Zen channel. A channel is essentially a blog: any Yandex user can create it.
If you like the channel, you can subscribe to it — and new articles from there will appear in your feed.
Zen recommendation feed from incognito mode. «Zen» knows nothing about me and just shows popular articles
How to become a Zen author. Any Yandex user can start as many channels as they like. It doesn’t matter how old you are, what education you have and what your name is — the channel can generally be run anonymously.
The first article can be published at least a year later, at least immediately after you create a channel. Someone writes articles five times a day, and someone — once every six months. The authors come up with themes themselves and do not coordinate them with anyone. There are no editors who will be scolded for mistakes or forced to rewrite on Zen.
To start a channel, you need to click on the word «Zen» on the main page of Yandex. And then in the upper right corner, click on your profile and select «Editor». You can write an article in the «Zen» text editor. Or you can — in any other, and then copy the text here
Requirements for articles.
Before publishing an article, you need to read the content requirements. Original articles with a deep study of the material and expert presentation are considered to be of high quality.
Requirements for content on Yandex Zen
Do not duplicate other people’s articles, photos and videos from the Internet, swear and publish explicit materials. It is forbidden to violate the laws of the Russian Federation: incite hatred on a national basis, advertise gambling or cigarettes.
One of the most common violations is clickbait. This is a headline that grossly manipulates the reader and forces them to click on the article. But it’s difficult without clickbait in Zen — I’ll talk about this later and give an example of such a headline.
For violation of the rules, Zen can block the article and not show it in the feeds. And he can do the same with the entire channel.
Violations are fixed not by people, but by electronic algorithms. Notifications of detected violations appear in the personal account and are sent to the mail.
But sometimes the algorithms are wrong, then you can write to Zen support — live moderators will double-check everything. The last word is always theirs.
All about work and earnings
How to change profession, get more and what to earn. Twice a week in your mail
How to make money on Zen
First, the author writes for free, then he starts to receive royalties. This is called monetization. Before monetization, the channel is called a beginner, and after it is called a master.
Now, in order for the channel to be monetized, articles must get 10,000 minutes of views per week. Until April 2020, there was a different condition: 7,000 rereads per week. That is, 7,000 people had to spend 40 seconds or more on the page. My channel was monetized under such conditions, so I will write about them.
Someone goes to monetization in the first week, someone in a month, and someone never at all. When the channel gains the required number of views, Yandex enters into an agreement with the author, and ad blocks appear in the articles.
Advertisers pay Yandex for them, and it shares part of the income with authors. For every thousand readings, «Zen» paid me 20-60 R. I don’t know what the authors’ fees depend on now. On the forums they write that from clicks on ads, but no one knows for sure. And Zen itself hides it.
Money is credited every day at two in the morning Moscow time. Any amount can be withdrawn to Yandex Wallet. This is official income: Zen works with authors on an offer, pays taxes and insurance premiums. But you can switch to the self-employed mode and do it yourself.
How to become self-employed
To the left of the title you can see how many likes the article has. And under the heading — how many people have read it and what is the average reading duration. The balance is visible in your personal account. There you can also change the way of earning to the mode for self-employed The history of all money withdrawals is stored in your personal account
Karma and bonus screenings.
The quality of the channel is determined by a special metric — «Karma». It takes into account originality, quality, audience engagement, channel development, and influence.
«Karma» is credited to both novice channels and masters. It is measured on a 100-point scale. If you do not publish at least 3 articles in a week, it will reset to zero. And for high «Karma», «Zen» rewards with bonus impressions. This is when an article can be additionally shown in feeds.
| Bonus impressions can be spent immediately, or you can save and use when the channel drops in views | This is data from the personal account of the channel-master. His Karma is 73. He is ranked 1194 out of 51,714 master channels. And accumulated 459,561 bonus impressions |
Bonus impressions can be spent immediately, or you can save up and use when the channel drops in views. This is data from the personal account of the master channel. His Karma is 73.
He is ranked 1194 out of 51,714 master channels. And accumulated 459561 bonus impressions
My channels
I had two channels on Yandex Zen. The first was never monetized, while the second became successful.
I started the unsuccessful channel in 2018 when I was in the eleventh grade. I wrote there about everything that I liked: about philosophy, literature, self-development, finance, music. One after another, I had articles about the Aquarium group, about how to get enough sleep and how to apply the philosophy of Marcus Aurelius in life.
I wrote articles for 2-3 hours. They contained only my thoughts and facts from books and the Internet. The volume turned out to be 5000-7000 characters. Inspiration came irregularly: in two months I published 12 articles and gained 8 subscribers.
My articles got 30-50 rereads, no one liked or commented on them. It upset me, and I abandoned the channel.
I started a successful channel a year later — in 2019.
I already entered the university, and I had a lot of free time. And I couldn’t get a permanent job because of my classes.
My friend had a telegram channel about politics, economics and education, but no one read it. A friend suggested that I create a blog on Zen and duplicate his articles there, and at the same time write my own. So we did. A link to a friend’s Telegram channel was added to each article — free advertising was obtained.
We named the channel on Zen the same as in Telegram. But I was still afraid that we would be blocked for plagiarism, and I wrote to support Zen. It turned out that since the articles in Telegram and on Zen are written by the same authors, then everything is fine.
How to protect your blog from content theft
I will continue to talk about this channel.
How I promoted the channel
At first, articles got 20-30 rereads. But I did not despair and after 4.5 months I went to monetization. Here’s what I did for this.
I wrote often and briefly. A friend’s telegram channel had a large supply of articles, and I published them 1-2 times a day. With the first channel, I did not have such an opportunity.
Articles were shorter than on my first channel, averaging 3,000 characters with spaces. I realized that this is the ideal volume for the reader to read the article to the end and not get tired.
Experimented with headlines. I monitored the CTR indicator in my account. It showed how often people click on an article in the feed. To calculate CTR, the Zen algorithm divided the number of clickers by the number of those who simply saw the article in the feed. My CTR was 0.5%. That is, out of 10,000 people who saw it, only 5 people opened the article.
I started looking for the reason for the low CTR. Readers saw a card in the feed with a cover, title, channel name and a short description — I realized that they needed to be changed. I didn’t understand the covers and just found pictures close to the topic on free photo stocks.
I didn’t want to rename the channel, and hardly anyone read the short description at all. And I decided to experiment with headlines.
I read articles on the Internet about a catchy headline. And if after the release the article had a low CTR, he quickly changed the title to a more attractive one.
How to make money on Yandex Zen
For example, the headline «Cons of the Bologna system of education» conveyed the essence, but did not attract attention. I added details: «5 minuses of the Bologna education system that you did not know about.» Such a headline appealed to the reader, and he understood: since there are only five minuses, then the article is short — you can read it. CTR went up.
I continued the experiment and changed the title to «5 non-obvious disadvantages of the Bologna education system that will break your child’s life.» Now the headline was addressed to parents, put pressure on their sore point, and the word non-obvious increased curiosity.
The article was opened more often, but «Zen» could consider the headline as clickbait. I took a risk, but otherwise it was difficult to draw attention to the article.
An article with a high CTR is promoted well, it is actively liked and commented An article with a low CTR is promoted poorly
Responded to comments. Zen showed an article in feeds more often if it was actively commented on. So I responded to every comment and provoked discussion.
Most of the comments were negative. People came to express their emotions and insulted the heroes of the articles. I once praised the rector of a Moscow university in an article, and in the comments he was called an agent of the State Department, a reptilian and a bloodsucker who ruined Russian education. But at first I was not against this, because it brought me traffic.
When you can and cannot swear
Calculate popular topics. I understand that Zen audiences like specific topics.
My article on the liberal reformers of the 1990s scored the first thousand reads. Articles about the USA, feminism, the West and the opposition were also successful. If I used these words in the title, the article gained from 1000 views in the first hours, and the CTR was from 5% — this is quite a lot.
I alternated between thoughtful articles and those aimed only at hype. The first typed 100-200 rereads, the second — thousands of rereads and hundreds of angry comments. For example, in the summer of 2019year, I published an anonymous interview with my friend about working at Russian Railways. It has been read by 100 people. And the next day I wrote an article about the rallies in Moscow and received several thousand rereads.
Reposted articles on social networks. I posted links to articles in a friend’s group on Vkontakte and on my personal page. The more clicks, the more often the algorithm showed articles in feeds.
I received this letter when my channel went to monetization
How I received money
After monetization, I filled out a questionnaire and indicated my passport details, address, SNILS and TIN.
I also uploaded a photo of the first page of the passport, the registration page and SNILS. This was necessary so that Yandex could pay all the necessary fees for me.
On the first day of monetization, I received 50 R, on the second — 100 R, on the third — 200 R, and on the fourth — 500 R. I was delighted, but then the amounts stopped growing. My channel brought 200-300 R per day, or 6000-9000 R per month. The amounts seemed random. I only realized that after the release of a successful article, more money came out.
How much you can earn on articles
At two in the morning, the balance was updated on the channel. It showed money on the balance as of the day before yesterday. For example, on May 2, the balance for April 30 was visible.
I could only withdraw money to Yandex Wallet. I didn’t like it — I wanted to withdraw them to the Tinkoff-Bank card, but Yandex took a commission for this: 15 R + 3% of the transfer amount. Therefore, I left money on Yandex Wallet and paid in stores with a Yandex Money virtual card.
I could still order a plastic card and withdraw cash from it, but did not.
To withdraw 1075 R from Yandex-Money, you would have to pay 75 R commissions By clicking the «Change way of earning» button, you could turn on a special earning mode for the self-employed. Then it would not be Zen that would pay 13% tax for me, but I myself would pay 6%
How I participated in the Nirvana program
After monetization, the channel began to grow dramatically. Articles each day gained several thousand rereads, and 5-10 new subscribers appeared. When there were 500 of them, I joined the Nirvana program: Zen actively promoted the articles of its participants.
About the Nirvana program on Yandex Zen
Only channels with monetization could participate. It was necessary to recruit from 500 subscribers, make at least 3 publications in the last month and apply. For another month, Zen moderators checked whether the articles complied with the rules and how high quality they were.
There were a lot of clickbait headlines on my channel and I didn’t expect to be accepted into Nirvana. But they took me, and the channel began to develop even faster. In 6 months, the number of subscribers grew from 500 to 3,000, and tens of thousands of people have already read the articles. But the income only grew to 350-400 R per day, that is, the channel brought in 10,500-12,000 R per month.
4 months before connecting Nirvana, I earned 21,500 R. And for 6 months with Nirvana — 61,470 R. I assumed that Zen was gradually reducing fees: immediately after monetization, I received 50-60 R for 1000 views, and then — 20-30 R.
82,970 R
Yandex paid me for a year for articles on Zen
To get me connected to Nirvana, I just filled out the form
How I advertised
I decided to write for money promotional articles on your channel . This is possible if they correspond to the topic of the channel and are useful to readers. Even before publication, you need to check the box that the material is affiliated.
How to create advertising publications in Yandex Zen
I did not find agencies that matched successful Zen bloggers with advertisers. But in the description of the channel, he indicated the mail, and advertisers began to write to it themselves. Sometimes they asked to give a link to a product or website in the article and paid 300-500 R for this. And sometimes they ordered an entire advertising publication.
For a private psychologist, I made an article about the work of his colleagues, and at the same time advertised his services. He paid 2,000 R for this. In just six months, there were about ten offers for advertising, and I earned 5,200 R from this. Therefore, I stopped hoping for this type of income.
How much they earn in digital marketing
Before publishing, I ticked that the material was affiliated. Without this, «Zen» could block the channel for inconsistent advertising. Fraudsters often wrote to me and lured access to the channel. I also considered this letter suspicious, if only because it contains errors.
And it was strange that the author insisted on correspondence on Vkontakte. I was offered several times to sell the channel. The largest amount is 15,000 R. I refused: I easily earned the same money in a month of monetization
Why I left my channel
When the channel was one year old, I decided not to do it anymore. Here are the main reasons.
Waste of time. Six months after the creation of the blog, the articles from the friend’s telegram channel ended. I hired two authors — schoolchildren I know. Four days a week, they wrote an article a day and responded to comments. For 3 more days I worked by myself. They were paid 25% of the channel’s income, and kept 50% for themselves. They got 2500-3000 R per month, and I got 5000-6000 R.
25%
of the channel’s income I paid the authors
But I still spent 2-3 hours a day on «Zen» and understood that for my income it was an irrational waste of time. In addition, I thought too much about statistics, comments and channel progress, and this interfered with my studies and life.
Zen unpredictability. Articles that I wrote for several hours were poorly promoted by Zen, and they gained 20-30 rereads. And the texts about some trash, on which I spent 20 minutes, collected thousands of rereads. Because of this, I did not feel a professional fulfillment.
Plus, I was constantly afraid that «Zen» would consider the title clickbait, find insults in the article, spam and block the channel.
Unfair competition. On Zen, channels compete with news sites and major media. I do not have a team of designers and copywriters, which means less chance of attracting attention.
Aggressive audience. I got tired of hatred and insults in the comments and began to fear for my psyche. The channel subscribers didn’t know my name, but I’m still afraid that they will somehow find me on social networks.
What to do? 05/24/19
An obsessive admirer is chasing me. What to do with such stalking?
What’s up with my channel
I transferred the channel to my authors, but they continued to pay me 20% of the income — 2000-3000 R per month.